FORTHE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL EDTTED BY The Honorary Secretary JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1903. OALOUTTA : PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREET. 1904. a^.^fc ^ ^ }cu->li- CONTENTS, Proceedings for January and February, 1903 (including Annual Report) Ditto „ March, 1903 .. Ditto „ April Ditto „ May Ditto „ June „ Ditto „ July „ Ditto „ August ,, Ditto „ November „ Ditto „ December ,, List of Members of the Asiatic Society on the 31st Decem- ber, 1902 (Appendix to the Proceedings for February, 1903)... Abstract Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the Asiatic Society for the year 1902 (Appendix to the Proceedings for February, 1903) Pages* 1-50 51-62 63-90 91-96 97-104 105-114 115-120 121-130 131-137 1-X1V XV-XXlll 1 ^ i r PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL For January & February, 1903. The Aunual Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 4th February, 1903, at 9 p.m. The Hon. Mr. 0. W. Bolton, C.S.I , I.C.S., President, in the chair. The following members were present : — Mr. J. Bathgate, The Hon. Mr. J. A. Bourdillon, O.S.I., Mr. P. J. Bruhl, Mr. I. H. Burkill, Mr. J. N. Das Gupta, Mr. F. Doxey, Mr. E. A. Gait, Lt.-Col. G. W. A. Harris, I.M.S., Mr. H. H. Hayden, Mr. D. Hooper, Dr. Wm. Roy Macdonald, Dr. H. H. Mann, Mr. W. H. Miles, Mr. L. Morshead, The Hon. Dr. Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, Mr. R. D. Oldham, Mr. H. W. Peal, Captain L. Rogers, I.M.S., Dr. E. D. Ross, Rai Ram Brahma Sanyal Bahadur, Pandit Jogesh Chandra Shastree, Dr. C. Schulten, Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri, Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhushan, Mr. C. R. Wilson. Visitors:— Mr. M. Churchill- Shaun, Mr. E. C. Cotes, Mr. B. A. Gupta, Mr. F. J. Norman, Rai Sahib Jaimat Rai, Mr. Tokiwo Yokoi. According to the Rules of the Society, the President ordered the voting papers to be distributed for the election of officers and members of Council for 1903, and appointed Mr. D. Hooper and Dr. H. H. Mann to be Scrutineers. The President then called upon the Secretary to read the Annual Report. Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb. Annual Report for 1902. The Council of the Society have the honour to submit the following Report on the state of the Society's affairs during the year ending 31st December, 1902. Member List. There is a steady increase in the list of Ordinary Members. During the year under review 32 Ordinary Members have been elected and we have lost 26, namely, 14 by withdrawal, 8 by death, 1 by removal under Rule 9, and 3 by removal under Rule 40. The total number of members at the close of 1902 was 334, against 328 for the preceding year: of these 126 were Residents, 126 Non-Residents, 14 Foreign Mem- bers, 21 Life Members, 46 Absent from India, and one a Special Non- Subscribing Member, as will be seen from the following table, which also shows the fluctuations in the numbers of Ordinary Members during the past six years : — Paying. Non-Paying. Grand Year. ■43 o •+3 , a a "5 o *5 ■♦a O Eh 6 •43 a © .2 < Special Non-Sub scribing. "5 O Eh Total. 1897 106 115 9 230 22 35 1 58 288 1S98 122 108 11 241 23 35 1 59 300 1899 120 119 13 252 21 27 1 49 301 1900 116 124 18 258 22 30 1 53 311 1901 123 133 13 269 22 36 1 59 328 1902 126 126 14 266 1* 46 1 68 334 We have to deplore the death of the following Ordinary Members : Mr. John Cockburn, The Hon'ble Sir Griffith Evans, K.C.I.E., General J. E. Gastrell (Life Member), Captain A. F. McArdle, I.M.S., Babu Karttik Chandra Mitra, Mr. E. E. Oliver, M.I.C.E., Mr. V. R. Paindsay, and The Hon'ble Sir John Woodburn, K.C.S.I. There was one death amongst the Honorary Members, viz., Dr. Albrecht Weber. During the year, on the recommendation of the Council, Monsieur R. Zeiller was elected as an Honorary Member in the 1903.] Annual Report. 3 place of Dr. Weber. Thus the number of Honorary Members stands at 26. One Associate Member has been elected during the year, namely, the Revd. A. H. Francke. The number stands at 13. The lists of Special Honorary Centenary Members and Correspond- ing Members continue unaltered from last year, the numbers standing at 4 and 1 respectively. No members compounded for their subscription during the year. Indian Museum. There was only one change amongst the Trustees, caused by the resignation of Mr. W. K. Dods, and the Hon'ble Mr. J. A. Bourdillon, C.S.I., has been appointed to fill the vacant place. The other Trustees who represent the Society are Mr. A. Pedler, F.R.S., Dr. Mahendralal Sircar, C.I.E., Mr. G. W. Kiichler, M.A., and Mr. T. H. Holland, F.G.S. Finance. The Appendix contains the usual Classified Statements showing the accounts of the Asiatic Societj'. Under Statement No. 1 will be found the account of receipts and disbursements of the Asiatic Society during the year 1902. Statement, Nos. 2 and 3 show how the money administered through the Society in the Oriental Publication and Sanskrit Manuscript Funds has been spent during the past year. A fixed allowance of Rs. 750 per month is given by the Government of India to the Oriental Publication Fund and a yearly sum of Rs. 3,200 is paid by the same authority to the credit of the Sanskrit Manuscript Fund. Statement No. 4 gives an account of monies due by and to the members of this Society. In Statement No. 5 an account is given of the sums invested in Government Securities and held in deposit by the Bank of Bengal. Statement No. 6 shows the sum invested in Government Security known as the Trust Fund, the interest of which is applied to the pay- ment of pensions to old servants of the Society. The cash receipts and expenditure of the Society as well as those of the different funds are summed up in Statement No. 7. Statement No. 8 exhibits the balance sheet of the different State- ments. The Budget Estimate for 1902 was taken at the following figures : Receipts Rs. 18,375, Expenditure Rs. 18,011-4-0 (Ordinary Rs. 16,911-4-0, Extraordinary Rs. 1,100-0-0). Taking into account only the ordinary items of receipts and expen- 4 Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb. diture for the year 1902, the actual results have been : Receipts Rs. 27,727-6-0, Expenditure Rs. 13,529-4-0. The Receipts thus show an increase of Rs. 8,352-6-0, while the Expen- diture shows a saving of Rs. 3,382 on the Budget Estimate, leaving a balance in favour of the Society, on its ordinary working, of Rs. 14,198-2-0. In addition to this, a sum of Rs. 1,000 has been added to the Reserve Fund on acconnt of entrance fees paid during the year. There is an increase in Receipts under the heads of " Subscriptions," " Interest on Investments," " Government Allowances," and " Miscellan- eous." Subscriptions were estimated at Rs. 7,500, while the actuals were Rs. 7,689-5-0, the excess being due to some of the arrear subscriptions from members having been realized. During the year Temporary Invest- ments were made and there is thus an increase of Rs. 345-8-0 under the head of " Interest on Investments." Owing to a grant of Rs. 8,750 from the Government of the Straits Settlements for the purpose of defraying the cost of publication of Sir George King's Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula "Government Allowances " show an increase. There is an increase of Rs. 205-1-0 under the head "Miscellaneous." This is due to an advance recovered from the Baptist Mission Press. The falling-on2 in the Receipts under the head " Sale of Publica- tions " is due to Messrs. Luzac and Co. not having submitted their State- ment of Sales during 1902. Our expenses have been well within the sanctioned Budget Estimate except in respect of " Contingencies " and " Books." Owing to the payment of Rs. 96 to Messrs. Mackintosh, Burn and Co. for their report on the valuation of the Society's house and site and Rs. 106-10-0 spent in repairing bookcases, there is an increase of Rs. 174-14-8 under the head " Contingencies." " Books " were estimated at Rs. 2,000, whilst the ex- penditure has been Rs. 2,755-8-8. This is due to the adjustment of Messrs. Luzac and Co.'s account to end of March 1902. There is a very slight increase under the head " Freight." Owing to the death of our late Collecting Sircar, there is an expendi- ture of Rs. 4 only under the head " Pension." During the year no payments have been made to the Oriental Gas Co. for lighting. Certain bills were returned to them, as the amounts seemed to be unusually high. The bills have not been re-submitted for payment. There were three Extraordinary items of expenditure during 1902 under the heads of " Royal Society's Catalogue," " Max Muller Memorial Fund," and " Furniture " not provided for in the Budget. The expen- diture on the Royal Society's Catalogue has been Rs. 1,037-10-0, while the receipts under this head received as subscriptions on account of the Central Bureau has been Rs. 510. Rupees 38-6-0 has been spent on account 1903.] Annual Report. f 5 of the Max Miiller Memorial Fund, and a sum of Rs. 60 has been paid to Messrs. Johnston and Hoffmann for preparing an enlarged photograph of the late Mr. JE. Blyth for the Society. There has been an expenditure of Rs. 1,150 under the head "Library Catalogue." Out of Rs. 1,100 budgetted for the Society's Library Cata- logue, Rs. 800 has been paid to Mr. H. B. Perie in full settlement of the compiler's remuneration, the remainder has been paid to the assistant who is revising the Catalogue. The Budget Estimate of probable Ordinary Receipts and Expendi- ture for 1903 has been fixed as follows : Receipts Rs. 18,500, Expendi- ture Rs. 16,949-4-0. On the Receipts side the estimated income under the head " Interest on Investments " has been increased by Rs. 100 on account of the interest on Temporary Investments. "Rent of Rooms" shows an increase. This is due to the Photographic Society of India being charged an in- creased rent of Rs. 25 per month. " Sale of Publications " has been reduced by Rs. 100, taking into account the sale of last year. On the Expenditure side, the changes in last year's estimate are small. " Lighting " has been increased by Rs. 40 to meet gas bills un- paid last year. During last year the servants of the Society have been supplied with cold weather uniforms and to meet this bill an extra sum of Rs. 100 has been budgetted for under the head " Contingencies." The item of " Postage " has been reduced by Rs. 50, as the expendi- ture of last year has been smaller than usual. There will, however, be three Extraordinary items of expenditure to be dealt with during the year 1903. Rupees 1,000 has been budgetted for under the head " Library Catalogue." This includes the pay of the assistant who is revising the Library Catalogue and other expenses that may be incurred in connection therewith. It is contemplated to fit the Society's rooms with electric lights and fans at an approximate cost of Rs. 2,500. As the Council propose to purchase a considerable number of new books for the Society's library, a sum of Rs. 2,000 has been allotted for the purpose in addition to Rs. 2,000 budgetted for under the head " Books." During the past two years comparatively few new books have been purchased for the Library. Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb. BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR 1903. Receipts. 1902. 1902. 1903. Estimate Actuals. Estimate Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Subscriptions 7,500 0 0 7,689 5 0 7,500 0 0 Sale of Publications 700 0 0 562 8 0 600 0 0 Interest on Investments ... 5,700 0 0 6,045 8 0 5,800 0 0 Rent of Rooms 1,375 0 0 1,375 0 0 1,500 0 0 Government Allowances . . . 3,000 0 0 11,750 0 0 3,000 0 0 Miscellaneous 100 0 0 305 1 0 100 0 0 Total 18,375 0 0 27,727 6 0 18,500 0 0 Salaries ... Commission Pension ... Stationery Lighting ... Municipal Taxes Postage ... Freight ... Meetings ... Contingencies Books Binding ... Journal, Part I „ n ,, in • Proceedings Printing circulars, &c. Registration Fee Auditors' Fee Petty Repairs Insurance ... Total . Expenditure. 1902. 1902. 1903. Estimate. Actuals i. Estimate. Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. Rs. . A.s. P. 3,800 425 0 0 0 0 3,711 6 420 5 3 5 3,800 425 0 O 0 0 52 0 0 4 0 0 120 0 0 119 1 0 120 'b o 60 0 0 100 0 0 884 4 0 884" 4 0 884 4 0 550 0 0 450 11 3 500 0 0 60 0 0 60 6 8 60 0 0 80 0 0 75 0 0 80 0 0 300 0 0 474 14 8 400 0 0 2,000 750 0 0 0 0 2,755 8 608 12 8 0 2,000 750 0 0 0 0 2,100 2,100 2,000 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,023 5 964 1 514 13 492 4 6 3 1 6 2,100 2,100 2,000 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 0 172 5 6 200 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 68 0 3 100 0 0 625 0 0 625 0 0 625 0 0 16,911 4 0 13,529 4 0 16,949 4 0 1903.] Annual Report. 7 Extraordinary Expenditure. 1902. 1902. 1903. Estimate. Actuals. Estimate. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P, Library Catalogue ... 1,100 0 0 1,150 0 0 1,000 0 0 Royal Society's Catalogue 1,037 10 0 Max Miiller Memorial Fund 38 6 0 Furniture ... ... 60 Electric Lights and Fans 2,500 0 0 Books ... ... 2,000 0 0 Total ... 5,500 0 0 Agencies. Our London Agency is still in the hands of Messrs. Luzac and Co. They have submitted Statement of sales during 1901 and Statement of goods supplied to end of March 1902. ^76-8-10, due to them up to the end of March 1902, has been remitted. The value of the publications sent to them during the year amounts to ,£"83-6-6, representing 667 pieces of the Journal and Proceedings and Rs. 481, representing 1,005 components of the Bihliotheca Indica. From them we have received books and papers of the value of /18-6-9. Our Continental Agent is Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, to whom we have sent publications valued at /"26-8-0 and Rs. 601-12-0, of which ,£4-6-5 and Rs. 196-7-0 worth have been sold for us. The balance of /"54-17-2, due to him to end of June 1902, has been remitted. Library. The total number of volumes or parts of volumes added to the Library during the year was 2,955, of which 897 were purchased and 2,058 presented or received in exchange for the Society's publications. As recommended by Council certain periodicals purchased for the Society's Library were discontinued. On the recommendation of the Library Catalogue Sub-Committee, the new edition of the Society's Library Catalogue, compiled by Mr. H. B. Perie, is being remodelled under the supervision of the General Secretary and it is hoped that the manuscript will be sent to press early this year. International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. During the year 1902, the work of the Catalogue, the preparation of the Index-slips or cards as required by the International Catalogue Committee has been steadily increasing. Nineteen batches, making a total of 905 slips, were sent to the Director of the Catalogue. The first copies of the Catalogue, the parts for Chemistry and 8 Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb- Botany, were received during the latter end of September. Of these 73 copies -were distributed to subscribers and 6 copies were presented at the request of the Director to the Editors of Indian Journals for review. Subscriptions have been received and sent to the Director from the Government of Burma and the Kashmir Museum. The Government of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh have advised the remittance of their subscription, and the Political Agent, Central India, of a part of his subscription direct to London. Max Miiller Memorial Fund. The list for subscriptions to the Max Miiller Memorial Fund is still open. Kupees 716 has been received, which amount, after deducting sundry expenses, will be remitted. Proposed Re-organization of the Society. In last year's report it was stated that the final consideration of the proposed alterations in the status of the Society was postponed, pending a further report from the Committee. A Meeting was called of the remaining Members of the Committee appointed to consider the propos- ed re-organization of the Society, but there was no quorum. The Coun- cil resolved that the question of re-orgainzing the Society and extending its operations should stand over until the finances of the Society had been placed on a more settled basis. Proposed sale of the Society's premises. In order to ascertain what sum is likely to be received by the sale of the Society's house and site the Council obtained a report from Messrs. Mackintosh, Burn and Co. on the valuation of the Society's house and site. The report was circulated to the Members of the Sub-Committee and a plan had been lithographed of the premises. The plan with a covering circular was sent to several House Agents, but no reply has been received. The Council have now resolved to abandon the proposal, and it has been decided to fit the Society's rooms with electric lights and fans. Exchange of Publications. During the past year the Council accepted four applications for exchange of publications with other Societies, viz. : (1) from the Koyal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, the Society's Journal, Part II, for their Annals ; (2) from the Government of Mysore, Geological Department, the Society's Journal, Parts I-III, being exchanged for their publications ; (3) from the New York Botanical Garden, the Society's Journal, Part II, for their Bulletin ; (4) from the Academie Malgache de Tana- 1903 ] Annual Report. 9 narive, t S"e Society's Journal, Parts I-III, and Proceedings being ex- changed for their publications. Secretaries and Treasurer. Dr. T. Bloch carried on the duties of Philological Secretary and Editor of the Journal, Part I, till June when he was absent on leave and Dr. E. D. Ross took charge of the office. Mr. F. Finn continued Natural History Secretary and Editor of the Journal, Part II, till November when he left India on furlough and Captain L. Rogers, I.M.S., kindly agreed to carry on the work. Mr. E. A. Gait carried on the duties of the Anthropological Secretary and Editor of the Journal, Part III, throughout the year. Mr. J. Macfarlane carried on the duties of General Secretary and Editor of the Proceedings throughout the year. Mr. W. K. Dods resigned the office of Treasurer in March and Captain A. F. McArdle, I. M.S., was appointed. Captain McArdle con- tinued till his death in October when Mr. C. R. Wilson kindly consented to undertake the work. Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri was in charge of the Bibliotheca Indica and the search for Sanskrit manuscripts and carried on the duties of Joint Philological Secretary throughout the year. Mr. J. H. Elliott continued Assistant Secretary and Librarian throughout the year. Publications. There were published during the year ten numbers of the Proceed- ings (Nos. 10 and 11 of 1901 and Nos. 1-9 of 1902), containing 92 pages of letter-press. Owing to the increase in the number of members the printing of the Society's Proceedings was increased to 650 copies for February and 600 copies for other months instead of 575 copies as usual. Of the Journal, Part I, three numbers were published (Extra No. 1 of 1901, and No. 1 and Extra No. 1 of 1902) containing 375 pages of letter-press and 19 plates. The Extra No. 1 of 1901 consists of Dr. A. F. R. Hoernle's report on A Collection of Antiquities from Central Asia, Part II, with 13 facsimile plates issued under separate cover, all of which were paid by the Government of India. The Extra No. 1 of 1902 is Colonel J. Davidson's notes on the Bashgali (Kafir) language and it was printed at the office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, free of charge. Of the Journal, Part II, four numbers were published (No. 2 of 1901 and Nos. 1-3 of 1902), containing 208 pages of letter-press and 9 plates. A contribution of Rs. 8,750 was received from the Government of the Straits Settlements for the purpose of defraying the cost of publication 2 10 Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb. of Sir George King's Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. In thanking the Colonial Government, the Council forwarded 30 copies of the Society's Journal from 1889-1901 containing the earlier numbers of the Flora and promised the same number of the future issues. The Council further proposed to add to the title-page of the later issues of the Journal the following words "Published with the assistance of His Excellency the Governor of the Straits Settlements." Of the Journal, Part III, three numbers were published (No. 2 of 1901 and Nos. 1-2 of 1902) containing 137 pages of letter-press and 7 plates. In connection with the proposed discontinuance of the grant of Rs. 1,000 per year for Journal, Part III, from the Assam Administra- tion, the Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Assam was furnished with a report showing the work done and the necessity for the continuance of the grant subject to a further consideration of the question five years hence. On a note by Mr. E, A. Gait, the Anthropological Secretary, relative to contributions to Part III, of the Society's Journal, the Council agreed to have short notes on Anthropological subjects published as a supplement to Part III, of the Journal and they further authorised the addition of a similar supplement to other parts of the Journal. Proceedings. The papers and abstracts published in the Proceedings are, some of them at least very interesting. The proceedings serve as a vehicle for the ready circulation of interesting discoveries made by busy men who cannot write long papers for the Journal and do not wish to keep back information which might be useful. Babu Manmohan Raya's paper on the Rajavancis and Cochs removes a common notion that these are one and the same caste. The writer proves that these castes belong to two distinct races of men ; the Rajavancis are of Mongolian while the Cochs are of Dravidian descent. Babu Satish Chandra Acharya's paper on the Licchavi race of ancient India attempts to prove that even 2,400 years ago Mongolian tribes selling in India passed as Kshatriyas. Mahamaho- padhyaya Haraprasad Shastri's paper on the Magi shows that the ancient sacerdotal caste of the Magi in Persia settled in India from time to time and introduced astrology and necromancy in the country and that their descendants are still to be found all over India exercising the profession of astrologer passing as brahmans of an inferior quality. The same writer has another paper on the organization of the caste lystem in Bengal in the thirteenth century by Ballala Sen belonging to the last Hindu dynasty of Bengal. The Raja from political reasons degraded the Suvarnavanikas and raised the Kaivarttas in the hierarchy of the caste system. 1903.] Annual Report. 11 Journal, Part I. In the Philological Section of the Society's Journal three numbers have been published, covering altogether 357 pages of letter-press ; exclusive of four separate plates. Besides these an extra number of Vol. LXX, Part I, has been issued, containing plates illustrating Dr. Hoernle's Report on Central Asian Antiquities. Materials for another number are ready, but the delays of the printers and the fact that some of the contributors are resident in England, have made it impossible to publish a second number of Part I during 1902. It is a moot question whether it would not be more satisfactory from the points of view both of accuracy and expedition, if articles by home residents, and these include quite half the contributions to the Society's Journal, could be printed at home. That is to say : a paper received from England having been sanctioned in Calcutta should be sent back to the author to print, correct, and forward to the Philolo- gical Secretary, ready for incorporation with the rest of the number. The most important philological contribution made during the past year was a study of the Bashgali language by Colonel J. Davidson, C.B. Bashgali is one of the many dialects of Kafiristan. These notes consist of altogether 195 pages. The first 66 are devoted to an account of the grammar of this dialect, which present great difncuties, and in many points seems to defy analysis. Following this is a collection of upwards of 1,750 short sentences in English and Bashgali, which not merely form very valuable material for travellers who may be in need of using that language but will also doubtless be of the utmost interest to philologists. In the Journal itself we have a most interesting continuation of Dr. Hoernle's report on the British collection of Central Asia. Herein he deals with every aspect of the manuscripts of this remarkable collection. Many of these manuscripts still remain to be deciphered. Dr. Hoernle has, however, by patient research been able to decipher the alphabet of certain documents of which the language yet remains to be identified. The Revd. T. Grahame Bailey, of Wazirabad, furnishes some interesting specimens of the secret vocabulary employed by the Cuhras, a tribe of professional thieves, who apparently while using ordinary Punjabi introduce private words and slang expressions where there is need for secrecy. Mrs. Francke has contributed a translation of a Tibetan docu- ment relating to the history of Ladakh which completes a former series of translations and texts contributed to this Journal on the same subject. There were several other papers of interest published during the year. Journal, Part II. During the last year four numbers of Part II of the Society's 12 Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb. Journal have been issued containing a number of important and interest- ing papers, botany, zoology and general subjects being all well represented. Among the botanical papers are included a further important contribution by Sir George King of Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, which carries the work on to the end of the Calyciflora?, eight orders being included and eighteen new species described. Some new species of Orchideaa from North-West and Central India have been described by Mr. J. F. Duthie and a new Indian Dendrobium by Major Prain, I. M.S. An important paper entitled On the Variation of the Flower of Ranunculus Arvensis has been contributed by Mr. I. H. BurkilJ, based on the laborious examination of over 6,000 flowers, curves illustrating the variations of the different parts being worked out, and he finds that the sepals vary least, then the petals, then the carpels, while the stamens vary most ; so that the variation of this flower is broadly similar to what is seen in a general view of the whole Phan- erogamic Sub- Kingdom. The Zoological series contain a variety of papers, among which the following may be mentioned : a list of Butterflies of Hong-Kong and Southern China by the late Lionel de Niceville, the last contribution to science of that hard-working and gifted naturalist and some new species of Hymenoptera, by Major C. G. Nurse. Mr. F. Finn has contributed several interesting papers on variations in Indian Birds, illustrated by five plates, on hybrids between the Guinea Fowl and the Common Fowl and on specimens of two Mauritian Birds. An interesting series of notes on Animals in the Alipore Zoological Gardens have been contributed by the Superintendent of the Garden, Rai R. B. Sanyal Bahadur, including the subjects of Telegony and Melanic species of the Common Palm Squirrel. A paper on A Collection of Birds from Upper Burma, by Lieut. H. Wood and F. Finn, includes a description of two species illustrated by plate which had not previously been found among the Indian fauna, while several very rare birds are in the collection, which has nearly all been presented by Lieut. Wood to the Indian Museum. Major J. Manners-Smith has contributed a paper on Wolf Hybrids in Gilgit. Lastly, Dr. Harold H. Mann has presented an interesting note on the life history of the insect known popularly as the mosquito blight which causes such extensive damage on tea garden, with regard to which he concludes that the whole life history is spent on the tea bushes and not partly on other trees in the jungle close by as previously thought, a very important discovery from the practical point of view. Among the general papers is an important one entitled Studies in the Chemistry and Physiology of the Tea Leaf, also by Dr. Mann, 1903.] Annual Report. 13 in wliich he shows that the most important agent in producing the flavouring of tea is an enzyme, and that this materially increases during the process of withering, while the largest amount is found in the tip leaves, which make the best tea, and that the amount of phospates in the soil increases the amount of enzyme and the quality of the tea ; all highly important points. Another very interesting paper in this section is one on Tidal periodicity in the Earthquakes of Assam by Mr. R. D. Oldham, Superintendent, Geological Survey of India, in which he considers the effect of the tidal stresses set up by the attrac- tion of the san on the time of occurrence of earthquakes recorded in Assam since the great one of 1897, and he concludes that there is such a relationship. Altogether the year has been a good one in this section, both the number and the variety of the papers having maintained a high level. Journal, Part III. In all, three numbers of this part of the Journal, containing ten papers, were issued during the year, viz. : No. 2 for 1901, and Nos. 1 and 2 for 1902. The first of these numbers contains a paper by Mr. T. H. Holland, F.G.S., on the Coorgs and Yeruvas, in which the affinities of the two tribes are discussed on an anthropometrical basis. Apart from the fact that the Coorgs are shown to differ ina very marked degree from their Dravidian neighbours, this paper contains an interesting discussion on the manner of applying in practice the results obtained from anthropometry. Amongst other papers may be mentioned Mr. Friend-Pereira's account of the " Marriage Customs of the Khonds," the " Folklore of the Kollian," by Mr. C. H. Bompas, I C.S., and " Some Notes on the Rajvamci Caste" by Babu Monmohan Roy. The last mentioned, paper offers an explanation of the divergent views that have been expressed regarding the origin of the Rajvarocis of North Bengal and of the Koch and other tiibes in their neighbourhood. It appears that the original Raj vain ci was a Dravidian, but that the term has also been assumed by the Mongo- loid Koch, and that in some parts the'assumption of the name has been ac- companied by intermarriage between the two groups. It has recently been arranged to add a supplement to this part of the Journal for the publication of miscellaneous notes on anthropological subjects. Coins, 16 coins were presented to the Society by the Governments of Bombay, Madras, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during the year under review. Of these 2 are gold, 12 silver, and 2 copper coins. The 14 Annual Report. [Jan. & Feb. gold coins comprise : a coin of Shri Pratap Harihara (Vijayanagar Dynasty), found in the Ahmednaggar collectorate and a half pagoda of Shri Pratap Deva Raya of the first Vijayanagar Dynasty found in the Poona District. The remaining are not of much importance. The question of the proposed amalgamation of the two collections of coins now held separately by the Indian Museum and the Asiatic Society made by the Hon'ble Mr. J. A. Bourdillon was referred to the Trustees of the Indian Museum. The Trustees have asked the Council the probable purchased price of the collections of coins belonging to the Society and Dr. Bloch has undertaken to make the valuation. Bibliotheca Indica. Twenty-five fasciculi were published during the Calendar year 1902 ; of these two were in the Arabic-Persian, and the rest in the Sanskrit Series. The cost of the year's publication came up to Rs. 6,426-0-6. The average cost of fasciculus being Rs. 257 ; Rs. 92 in editing-fees and Rs. 165 in printing charges. Three new works have been commenced : two in the Sanskrit Series and one in the Arabic- Persian. 1. Bodhicaryyavataratika by Prajnakanamati. Since the discovery of Buddhism and Buddhist literature in Nepal by Brian Hodgson in the early part of the nineteenth century, Bodhicaryyavataraby Qantinatha has engaged the attention of Oriental scholars all over the world. It was described at length by Dr. Rajendralala Mitra in his Nepalese Buddhist Literature and published by Professor Minaev at St. Petersburg. It is the best handbook of the later Mahayana School, written in standard Sanskrit and in an engaging style, but without a commentary it could not be thoroughly studied and properly translated. A search was instituted by Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri and his efforts was completely successful by the discovery of a complete copy of Prajna- kara's Commentary, and another copy of a portion of it, in 1895. In 1898 the same Pandit found a tippana in the Darbar Library, Nepal. Professor La Vallee Poussin of Grhent found a copy of the Tibetan transla- tion of the work in Europe and undertook to bring out an edition of the Text and Commentary filling up the gaps and lacunas in the commentary from the Tibetan. The first fasciculus of his work was published in 1902. 2. patasahasrika Prajnaparamita reported to have been brought up from the Nether world by Nagarjjuna. This too was discovered by Brian Hodgson in Nepal. A Tibetan version of it was published in the Bibliotheca Indica by Babu Pratapa (Jandra Grhosa. The work is in prose, but, if measured in verses of 32 letters each, its extent will come to 1903.] Annual Address. 15 one hundred thousand verses, hence it is called the (Jatasahasrika. It is full of repititions like many great Buddhist works. After finishing the publication of the Tibetan version, Babu Pratapa fandra offered to edit the Sanskrit original and the permission was gladly accorded by the Council. In the very first year the learned editor has pushed the work through four fasciculi. 3. The Riyazu-s-Salatin, a history of Bengal, by Grhulan Husain Salin is a well-known work written in the eighteenth century at Malda. The English translation of the work has been entrusted to Maulvi Abdus Salan, M.A., Bengal Provincial Service, and he has published one fasciculus during the year under review. Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts. The search for manuscripts was conducted by Mabamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri during the year under review. About 200 manus- cripts were collected and more than 200 notices of rare manuscripts made in various districts of the Provinces of Bengal. The Shastri under- took three trips to Nadia, one to Burdwan, and one to Puri. His assist- ants, the travelling Pandits, worked in the districts of Puri and Birbhum, visiting other districts too on occasions. The search in the city of Navadvipa is very nearly complete. Three or four private collections only remain to be examined. The examination resulted in the discovery of about 30 manuscripts which were known only from quotations. The Report having been read and some copies having been dis- tributed, the President invited the meeting to consider it at their leisure. The President announced that only one essay had been received in competition for the Elliott Prize for Scientific Research for the year 1902, sent to Mr. Pedler, one of the Trustees, for report, and that the result had not yet been received by the Society. The President also announced that the Barclay Memorial Medal for the year 1902 had been offered to Major Ronald Ross, F.R.C.S., C.B., C.I.E., F.R.S., I.M.S. (Retired). The President then addressed the meeting. ANNUAL ADDRESS, 1902. Gentlemen, It is not incumbent on your President to deliver an Address on the termination of his first year of office, and, following precedent, I 16 Annual Address, [Jan. & Feb. might have refrained from preparing one on this occasion. I have been loath, however, to meet you this evening without supplementing with some remarks the Annual Report which lies before you, and would ask you to accept these remarks indulgently, as the fullest contribu- tion which official duties have permitted me to make to the proceed- ings to-night. On reference to some of the Presidential Addresses of the past, I am regretfully conscious of the unfavourable comparison which mine may evoke, but it would have been beyond the power of myself, and of those to whom I could look for assistance, to undertake in the present season a full review of all that has been done not only in India, but elsewhere also, and not only by this Society, but also by other Societies, by Savants and by Departments of the Government, in the branches of literature and science with which, by its aims and constitu- tion, our Society is concerned. Such a task must be postponed to a later occasion. I would, in the first place, speak to you on what I would term homely matters, relating to our building, its internal arrangements, and the improvements which are desirable. The Annual Report alludes to the proposal which has been under consideration for the disposal of our premises. It was hoped by the members with whom the proposal originated that a sufficient sum would be obtained for the acquisition of a site and the erection of a new building, with residential quarters for the Secretary, and that there might even be an adequate balance to provide for a paid Secretaryship. These anticipations have, however, proved too sanguine. No offer has, in fact, been made for the purchase of the premises, and it seems clear that they could not be sold at a price which would justify our parting with them for accommodation elsewhere. The proposal must, therefore, be abandoned. Nor is this, in my opinion, much to be regretted. Our building is old, but it provides us with this spacious hall for our meetings and it admits of improvement. That which has specially suggested itself to me is the raising of the floor of the grouud rooms and passage, which now show signs of constant damp- ness and cannot, for that reason, be fully used. The matter is under enquiry, and I trust that professional opinion will be in favour of the work, and that it may be cai'ried out at moderate cost. An improvement of the drainage outside may simultaneously be effected. The arrangements for the lighting of our rooms and for punkahs should also be brought up- to-date, by the introduction of electric lights and fans, and provision for this change has been made in the Budget for the ensuing year. The gas has now to be supplemented by lamps, which are an inconven- ience, and the antiquated hanging punkahs should give place to the more convenient electric fans now in general use. Our Library 1903.] Annual Address. 17 demands much attention. The space now available in the almirahs is deficient, two rows of books being found on many of the shelves, and a thorough re-arrangement of the volumes should be effected, after the removal of such as may be dispensed with, and the provision of additional almirahs, for which space would be found in the improved rooms on the groundfloor. We are fortunate in having as our General Secretary, Mr. Macfarlane, the Librarian of the Imperial Library, whose advice and assistance in this matter will be of great advantage to the Council. He has already undertaken the revision of the Catalogue, and will advise as to the purchase of new books, in regard to which too little has been done in recent years. The expenditure to be incur- red on this and on the improvements in the building will be we,ll within our financial capacity. The proposal to modify the status of the Society, which was men- tioned in the last Annual Report, has been indefinitely postponed, and may be regarded as abandoned, by a resolution of the Council that it should stand over until the finances of the Society have been placed on a more settled basis. It erred, in my opinion, in seeking to give too scientific a character to the Society, and to alter its name of Asiatic Society, which so well recalls the objects of its foundation and its great achieve- ments in the cause of Oriental research. What the history of the Society has been I would here briefly notice. Founded in 1784, on the initiation of Sir William Jones, it is among the oldest learned Societies of the world. It has published, first, in its volumes of Asiatic Researches, and subsequently in its Journal, innumerable papers of the highest value on the literature, language, history, archaeology, and ethnography of India and other Asiatic countries, and on the natural sciences, including as- tronomy, meteorology, geology, 2oology, and botany. It commenced early the formation of a Library and a Museum, giving the lead by more than one generation to the Government in its Natural History collection, including geological specimens. That collection, for many years in charge of the distinguished naturalist Blyth in its zoological section, was event- ually made over to the Government in 1866 and converted into the Im- perial Museum, now located in the great building in Chowringhee. The Library remains with us, and now consists of over 40,000 volumes, of which about 11,000 are manuscripts. The publication of Oriental works was systematically undertaken by the Society in 1835, audits Bibliotheca Indica Series of publications has since included a very large number of original texts and of translations of the leading works of Brahmanic literature and of works in Arabic and Persian. The conservation of Sanskrit Manuscripts has been another important work of the Society and both in this and in the Bibliotheca Indica section it has received 3 18 Annual Address. [Jan. & Feb. liberal pecuniary aid from the Government. The Society has also a large collection of coins of great interest to the numismatist. The transfer of this collection to the Indian Museum has been suggested, but ifc is a question which will demand thorough consideration. Credit is especially due to the Society for the discovery of keys to the ancient Indian alphabets, for the early investigations in the languages of Ancient India, including Pali, for the light which has been thrown on the history of India and of the adjacent countries on the North- West by the labours of the great numismatists who have been among its members, and for the development of the study of the Indian verna- culars. This, gentlemen, is the brief record of the Society's work. It is a record on which we may well look with pride, and which the world of learning and of science will acknowledge to be worthy of the aspirations of the distinguished men to whom the Society owes its birth. Have we cause to fear that the Society has not still before it a long career of use- fulness on its present basis ? I think not. The era of great discoveries in India itself may have passed. No undiscovered Asoka pillars, Bud- dhist Topes and Buddhist caves, no undeciphered inscriptions and coins of an unknown language and an unknown epoch, and no great unpub- lished work in the Sanskritic and Semitic classics may remain to win for antiquarians and scholars the reputation of a William Jones, a Horace Hayman Wilson, a James Prinsep, an Alexander Cunningham and a Blochmann, to mention but a few of our distinguished past mem- bers, but a large field is yet open for valuable, if minor, work in the ex- ploration of great ruins and historical sites, and in the editing and trans- lating of unpublished works of interest and repute. And discoveries, though not so great as in the past, will doubtless be made in various parts of India. Beyond India, Central Asia and Mongolia, the ancient realm of Jenghis Khan aud Tamerlane, now opened by the construc- tion of the great Russian railway, present an immense region for re- search ; and the ruins of Cambodia, notably the ancient city of Angkor, are already engaging the attention of the French Oriental Society of Cochin-China, to whose Congress last December our members were court- eously invited. Our Journals have been always open to papers relating to Asiatic countries other than India, and not a few such con- tributions will be found in their pages. In archaeology, philology, and anthropology, in particular, much remains to be done in India. The conservation of ancient monuments is an organized department of the Government, and Archaeological Surveyors are attached to the Provinces. Archaeological enquiry is a special duty of these gentlemen, but there is still room for private workers in the 1903.] Annual Address. 19 same field, and they should not be discouraged. Their collaboration will be of value, and they may find reasons, from time to time, for differing from the official archaeologists. There is always much scope for con- troversy, and our Journals may be enlivened by rival contributions. They are not wanting in evidence that the antiquarian and the philo- logist may often be assigned a place in the genus irritabile to which the poet is proverbially ascribed. I would specially invite officers employed. in land settlements and surveys, as some have, indeed, already done, to notice antiquities, shrines and strange local observances which they may find in the course of their operations. Philology is also receiving' much enlightened help from the Government. The deputation of Dr. Grierson to prepare a Linguistic Survey of India gives promise of great development in philological studies. His labours cannot but attract attention to the numerous languages and dialects of India, and enlist the co-operation of many in the same fruitful field for long years to come. We are already indebted to him, and his former co-ad jutor, Dr. Hoernle, for much advancement in the knowledge of the Bihari vernaculars. An- other important work carried out at the expense of the Government has now been completed, and will, I trust, be soon published — the compilation of a Tibetan-English Dictionary, with Sanskrit Syn- onyms, by Rai Bahadur Sarat Chandra Das, CLE. This work, as dis- tinguished from the Dictionary of Csoma de Koros, which was based on the classical language of Tibet, and that of Jaschke, which has a similar basis and reproduces also largely the language of Western Tibet, claims the merit of dealing specially with the language of the central country and of the modern and current literature, and also of furnishing the Sanskrit equivalent of each Tibetan term — an important contribution towards the exact study of Tibetan literature, which is so largely found- ed on Sanskrit. In the Sanskrit rendering of the Tibetan valuable help has been given by Pandit Satis Chandra Acharjya Bidyabhusan, one of our promising junior members ; and the Rev. Graham Sandberg and the Rev. A. Heyde have also very materially improved the whole work by a thorough revision. Anthropological research has been stim- ulated in the past by the successive Census operations, and will receive fresh stimulus from the recent Census. We have as Secretary in that section Mr. Gait, the officer to whom the Census was entrusted in Bengal, and the Society may look to much valuable work at his hands. We owe to his suggestion the apparently small, but important, innova- tion of publishing short notes in our Journals, which the Council have sanctioned. It is hoped that many persons who are in a position to con- tribute interesting anthropological, philological, and other items of in- formation which, though too small to be published as separate papers, 20 Annual Address. [Jan. & Feb. are well deserving of permaneut record, will avail themselves of the facility afforded to them. Such notes, instructive in themselves, will often suggest enquiry, which will add to the store of information on the subjects dealt with. These minor points for discussion will often sug- gest themselves to students in language and literature, in anthropology and in archaeology. In other branches of science more and more is being done in India under the auspices of the Government or by private individuals, and the Society affords, through the medium of its Journal, a ready means of communicating to the world observations and results which interest the student and the man of business. Speaking now generally, I would say that a Society which embraces so wide a range of subjects as ours cannot fail to fiud at all times inter- esting matter for discussion. New theories in science are constantly presented to the world : some survive to an enduring acceptance ; some pass away after a stormy life of controversy ; and some perish almost at their birth ; but all afford matter for thought, speculation, and dis- cussion. The vicissitudes of scientific ingenuity are humourously alluded to in the following lines of Moore, which I am tempted to quote to you : — " In science, too — how many a system, raised Like Neva's icy domes, awhile hath blazed With lights of fancy and with forms of pride, Then, melting, mingled with the oblivious tide ! Now earth usurps the centre of the sky, Now Newton puts the paltry planet by ; Noiv whims revive beneath Descartes' pen, Which now, assailed by Locke's, expire again. And when, perhaps, in pride of chemic powers, We think the keys of Nature's Kingdom ours, Some Davy's magic touch the dream unsettles And turns at once our alkalis to metals." I trust, gentlemen, that the remarks which I have offered on our past and future work have sufficed to make it clear that this Society has still before it a life of robust vitality. I would express the hope that our numbers may increase, and that we may count on additions to our list of active members. The Annual Report indicates a steady growth in our Members' list during the past five years, but the roll falls short of the figures attained in some former years, and we may reason- ably look forward to an accession of members. Many may be deterred 1903.] Annual Address. 21 by a modest diffidence from entering the portals of a learned Society, but we demand no thesis for admission into our ranks, and we do not expect, although we are always gratified, to receive contributions from our members. In the words of Sir William Jones, we do not require " any other qualification than a love of knowledge and a zeal for the promotion of it ; " and that zeal may manifest itself by general support to the Society as well as by active labour on its behalf. I now pass to a brief notice of our publications and of the papers read at our meetings during the past year. The former include three works in the Bibliothecaludica Series, of which the first is a Commentary on the best handbook of the later Mahay ana School of Buddhism. A copy of this work, which was greatly needed for the proper translation of the handbook, was discovered by Mahainahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri in the Durbar Library of Nepal, and an edition of it and of the handbook is being brought out, Professor Poussin of Ghent having under- taken the task for the Society. Another philosophic Buddhistic work in Sanskrit under publication is in the editorial charge of Babu Pratapa Chandra Ghosa. The first portion of a translation, by Maulvi AbdusSalam, Deputy Collector, of the Riyazu-s-Salatin, a well-known Muhammadan history of Bengal written in the eighteenth century at Malda, has also been published. Of the Journal of our Philological Section three Parts appeared during the year, of which two were Extra numbers containing Dr. Hoernle's erudite report on a collection of antiquities from Central Asia, and a valuable contribution from Colonel J. Davidson, in the form of notes and. short sentences, on the grammar and language of the Bashgali dialects of Kafiristan. The publication of Sir George King's Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula was continued in the Natural History Part of the Journal, the Government of the Straits Settlements contributing largely to the cost, in appreciation of this important work. Of the Anthropological Part of the Journal three numbers were publish- ed, containing, among others, papers of great interest by Mr. Holland on theCoorgs and Yeruvas of Southern India, by Mr. Friend- Pereira on the Marriage Customs of the Khonds, by Mr. Bompas on the Folk-lore of the Kolhan and by Babu Monmohan Roy on the Rajvanci Caste of North-Eastern Bengal. I would congratulate Mr. Holland on his versatile excursion into research outside of his special domain of Geology, in which he has done so much good work for the Government, and express the hope that both he and the other gentlemen whose papers I have mentioned will place us under further obligation for many interesting contributions to our Journal. Dr. Ross, our Philological Secretary, has drawn attention to the delay which occurs through the printing in India of contributions to our Journal by home residents, 22 Annual Address. [Jan. & Feb. and the matter will be considered by the Council. I trust that our Journal will be fuller during the present year. Of the papers read at our meetings many have appeared in our Proceedings and Journal, and the rest should be published shortly. The list is a long one, comprising 45 papers, and we are much indebted to the contributors. Mr. Finn, our late Natural History Secretary, favoured us with several of his always interesting papers on Birds, and Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri, our Joint Philological Secretary, gave us much information on subjects which lie within his special branch of research ; while among the papers which I have not noticed in referring to the issues of our Journal, I would specially mention the thoughtful and suggestive paper On Tidal Periodicity in the Earthquakes of Assam, by Mr. Oldham, the excellent Anthropological Notes on Calcutta Juvenile Criminals by Major Buchanan, the Inspector-General of Jails in Bengal, and Dr. Mann's Notes on the Tea Bug, or Mosquito Blight, of Assam, and on the enzymes of the Tea Leaf, both of which record the results of enquiries of great importance to the Tea Industry. Major Buchanan's Notes indicate the marked similarity in physical and anatomical peculiarities which exists between the boy criminal of this city and his social type in the European cities. H^ has disarmed pro- test on behalf of those well-behaved and worthy members of society to whom nature has inconsiderately given one or more of these peculiar- ities, by disclaiming any intention of proving more than that the pecu- liarities are found in far greater number in the individual criminal, and among criminals as a class, than among normal individuals. It is my duty to refer to the death during the past year of our Treasurer, Captain McArdle, and our late President, Sir John Woodburn. The Council recorded resolutions of sympathy and con- dolence on these sad events, and a similar resolution on the death of our late President was passed at the last monthly meeting, which has been respectfully conveyed to Lady Woodburn. Captain McArdle had at an early age attained distinction as a naturalist, and his premature death has been a loss to science, and to this Society, in whose proceedings he would have taken a prominent part. The late Lieutenant-Governor was for many years a member of the Society, and he gave practical evidence of his interest in its work by holding in 1900 and 1901 the position of its President, and taking a share in the duties of the Council, amidst the ceaseless labours of his great official charge. In the uni- versal regret at his death none felt more than the members of this Society, who always received from him the genial and patient courtesy which won the admiration of all. You will remember, gentlemen, his promise on the last occasion on which he addressed us, that he would 1903.] Annual Address. 23 read at some future meeting a paper on the work of conservation of monuments done at Gaur and Pandua in the district of Malda during his administration. It is due to his memory in this Society that I should, on this occasion, however briefly, place before you some account of that work. The ruins of Gaur have for more than a hundred years attracted the notice of Englishmen, and we have early descriptions of them, besides that, accompanied by photographic illustrations, which is so well kuown to us as the work of Mr. Ravenshaw, edited and published by his widow in 1878. No systematic restoration and preservation of the most striking and beautiful among them appears, however, to have been un- dertaken until the present day. On the contrary, the work of destruc- tion, begun in early years, was apparently allowed to continue in our time. Mr. Ravenshaw remarks that there is not a village, scarce a house, in the district or the surrounding country which does not bear evidence of having been constructed from these ruins, materials from them having been carried even as far as the cities of Murshidabad, Rajmahal, and Rangpur; and a footnote of his book brings to notice the strange, but melancholy, fact that in the early days of our revenue administration the right to dismantle Gaur of the beautiful enamelled bricks which adorned its buildings was farmed out to the landholders of the district ! The capital of the Hindu Kings of Bengal, Gaur, passed, by conquest, into the hands of the Muhammadan rulers of the Province in 1198, and it was during their occupation that it attained its enormous dimensions and its magnificence, until its sack by Slier Shah in 1537, followed by its depopulation by a virulent epidemic of plague in 1575, led to its abandon- ment. During the centuries which have since passed the climate and the spoliation to which I have referred have necessarily left of the city but a number of scattered ruins, many in hopeless dilapidation, but some fortunately retaining enough of their structure and beauty to merit and reward careful preservation. Among these are the large Golden Mosque, the Dakhil Gate, the Qadam Rasul Mosque, the Minar, the Tantipara Mosque and the Lattan Mosque, on all of which work has been done by the Bengal Government. The Golden Mosque, or Baradarwaji, commenced by Husain Shah and completed by his son Nasrat Shah between 1521 and 1532 A.D., was perhaps the finest of the Gaur mosques. The principal portion now left is a corridor, having arched openings at each end and eleven graceful arches on each side, surmounted by domes, the whole being faced with large blocks of black hornblende, and the total length being 180 feet by 80 feet. The arches and the crowns of the domes have been re- paired, the fallen domes have been restored and facing stones have been put in part of the walls. The stones in a tower at the northern 24 Annual Address. [Jan. & Feb. gate have also been re-set. It is proposed to replace at the springing level of the arches a band of a peculiar blue-coloured stone, which is still procurable. The Dakhil Gate, or northern entrance to the Fort, with a frontage of 70 feet, has an arch of great height, leading into a corridor of 112 feet in length and containing four doors on either side opening into rooms which were probably used by the guard. It was a substan- tial structure of small red bricks, ornamented with embossed bricks, and having towers at the four corners, and is believed to have been built by Barbak Shah between 1460 and 1474. The work of restoration on this gateway consists, for the present, of the rebuilding of the front or northern arch over the entrance, all damaged and missing ornament- al bricks being replaced, and of the repairing of the lower portions of the wall of the main rooms. The Qadam Rasul Mosque, which is covered by a single dome, with minarets at the four corners, contains, as its name implies, a stone believed by the faithful to bear an impress of the Prophet's foot, which is said to have been brought from Medina by Husain Shah, whose son, Nasrat Shah, built the mosque in 1530. It is much resorted to by pilgrims, and is in fair preservation. Little was required to be done on it, and the work has been completed. The Minar, which is outside the eastern gate of the Fort, is about 80 feet high, a spiral staircase leading to the top, where stood a small apartment covered by a dome, which has fallen in. It is believed to have been built about 1488. The brickwork up to the top and the spiral staircase have been repaired. Of the Tantipara Mosque, which was probably erected between 1474 and 1481, unfortunately not much remains. It is elegantly and profusely ornamented with embossed bricks, and the interior is supported by massive stone pillars, the western side being occupied by elegantly carved prayer niches. Fallen pillars have been re-erected and the brickwork in front of the pilasters and arches done up ; and several tombs lying within the precincts will be repaired and re-covered by the stones which formerly lay on them. Not far from this mosque is the Lattan or Painted Mosque, supposed to have been built by the same monarch. It was greatly admired by Francklin, who visited Gaur in 1810, and its great pro- portions, its pillars, its domes, its minarests and its beautiful tilework of variegated colours, are very appreciatively described by him ; but it is now in a very dilapidated condition. The walls of the southern bays of the main room have been repaired with all the old coloured tiles which could be found, the result being very satisfactory. It is proposed to restore experimentally one arch and one bay with new coloured tiles, as subdued as possible; but, if the result is unsatisfactory, the arches under the still standing domes will be repaired with ordinary brick- 1903.] Annual. Address. 25 work. On the outside only work which is absolutely necessary to prevent a wall from falling, and the repairing of cracks in the domes, will be under- taken. Of the other remains of Gaur some may possibly receive repairs hereafter. Perhaps the most notable, however, the Bais Gaji wall, seems to be beyond any material help. Its crest is so thickly covered by trees and jungles, whose roots descend far into the brick- work, that the removal of these might lead to an early collapse of great portions of the ruin. This remarkable wall, which surrounded the palace enclosure, is of great thickness, and 22 yards (Bais Gaj), or 66 feet, in height. Pandua lies, in an opposite direction, at much the same distance from Malda as Gaur. It was a smaller city, but the kings resided there at some periods, and the present remains include the Adina Mosque, to which Gaur had no equal, and which must have been among the largest mosques in India. This mosque, which was erected by Sikandar Shah about 1369 A.D., is a quadrangular building, with an inner court, 500 feet in length from north to south and 300 feet in width. Four rows of pillars in blackstone on the western, and two on the northern, eastern and southern, sides supported domes, resting on every set of four pil- lars, and open arches led into the inner court. The walls were faced outside with black hornblende, and ornamented within by trellis work on three sides, while one side contains prayer niches of hornblende ela- borately sculptured. The mosque was entered on the west side by a small door, through a transept eighty feet high, on one side of which stands the Badshah ka Takht, or King's Throne, a stone platform sup- ported by three rows of massive hornblende pillars, twenty-one in num- ber, and on the other the pulpit, of beautiful carved stone, ascended by .several steps. Of the domes only a number of those which covered the north-western portion of the mosque remain. The Badshah ka Takht survives in fair preservation, as also the greater part of the western walls. Most of the pillars have fallen, but their bases are in position. The full extent to which the repairs of the mosque will be carried has not been finally settled, but much will be undertaken, especially for the restoration of the Badshah ka Takht and the Pulpit, and the repair of the domes. The north wall, the south transept wall, several arches and some domes have been repaired. Pandua also had its Golden Mosque, built in 1585, a beautiful work in hornblende, the walls of which survive, the interior containing a fine pulpit. Repairs have been done to the walls and arches, the pulpit and the minars. Another mosque, the Eklakhi, lies at a short distance. It is a building of embossed bricks and hornblende, eighty feet square, covered by a single dome, and contains the tombs of Giyasuddin Shah, his wife, and his daughter-in-law. It was pro* 4 26 Annual Address. [Jan. & Feb. bably constructed by that sovereign, whose reign terminated in 1397. Repairs have been done to the walls, the floor and the tombs, those which it may be advisable to effect in the dome remaining. The tombs of the saints Mir Kutb A lam and Makdum Shah are also interesting objects at Pandua. In addition to the repairs, I should mention that in all cases, at both Gaur and Pandua, debris and jungle have been cleared from the interiors of the monuments and the ground outside, and that it is pro- posed to surround each ruin with a green sward. A constant struggle must, indeed, be maintained against the growth of jungle on the ruins themselves and in their immediate neighbourhood. A considerable sum has been, and will still be, spent on the work of saving these ruins from further dilapidation which has been so earnestly taken up by the Govern- ment of Bengal. When all that is requisite and possible has been done, a new illustrated and descriptive account of them would, I doubt not, be very acceptable to the public. Sir John Woodburn visited Gaur thrice and Pandua twice. Both places were also visited by His Excellency the Viceroy in February last. Those of us who were present will recall the pleasure with which we listened to the paper on Ancient Monuments in India which His Ex- cellency, as Patron of this Society, did us the honour of reading at the Annual Meeting three years ago. His Excellency's profound and prac- tical interest in the historical monuments and antiquities of India has since been demonstrated by inspections of them throughout the country; and at Gaur and Pandua his instructions and suggestions have guided, and will guide, much of the work of restoration and conservation, the essential principle in the restorations being, as I understand, that only such should be undertaken as are necessary to prevent further dilapi- dation. While Gaur and Pandua demanded his first care, Sir John Wood- burn also saw the need of action at Bhubaneshwar in the Puri Dis- trict, and, under his orders, repairs have been undertaken on several of the numerous temples which have made the fame of that place with the antiquarian. The great Lingaraj Temple, especially, has received much attention, and repairs have been carried out on the principal of the sacred tanks. Some petty restorations have also been effected in the exceedingly interesting Khandagiri and Udaigiri caves of the same neighbourhood, some of which date back to the second century B.C. His Excellency the Viceroy also saw Bhubaneshwar. I have myself, gentlemen, had the opportunity of visiting Gaur, Pandua and Bhubaneshwar, and to those who take an interest in anti- quities I commend visits to them when the chance offers. Gaur and 1903.] General Meetings for January and February, 1903. 27 Pandua are unfortunately at present not easy of access, but they will, it may be hoped, be reached, without great inconvenience, from Calcutta hereafter by the extension of the railway through Murshidabad to the Ganges, to connect with the Bengal and North- Western system. To Bhubaneshwar the journey by rail is convenient and pleasant. The President announced that the Scrutineers reported the result of the election of officers and members of Council to be as follows: — President. The Hon'ble Mr. C. W. Bolton, C.S.I., I.C.S. Vice-Presidents. H. H. Risley, Esq., B.A., CLE., I.C.S. Col. T. H. Hendley, C.I.E., I.M.S. R. D. Oldham, Esq., A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Secretary and Treasurer. Honorary General Secretary : — J. Macfarlane, Esq. Treasurer:— C. R. Wilson, Esq., M.A., D. Litt. Additional Secretaries. Philological Secretary :— T. Bloch, Esq., Ph.D. Nat. Hist. Secretary :— Captain L. Rogers, M.D., B.Sc, I.M.S. Anthropological Secretary :— E. A. Gait, Esq., I.C.S. Joint Philological Secy.:— Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri. Other Members of Council. A. Pedler, Esq., F.R.S , C I.E. J. Bathgate, Esq. T. H. D. La Touche, Esq., B.A. Kumar Ram ess ur Maliah. Arnold Caddy, Esq., M.D., E.R.C.S. E. D. Ross, Esq., Ph D. The Hon. Dr. Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, M.A., D.L., FR S E I. H. Burkill, Esq. H. E. Kempthorne, Esq. The Meeting was then resolved into the Ordinary General Meeting. The Hon. Mr, C. W. Bolton, C.S.I., I.C.S., President, in the chair. The minutes of the December Meeting were read and confirmed. The Council reported that owing to the Delhi Darbar no meeting was held in January. " Twenty-six presentations were announced. l2S General Meeting* for January and February, 1903. [Jan. & Feb. Rai Bahadur Bhawan Das and Mr. Abdul Alim were ballotted for and elected Ordinary Members. It was announced that Major H. E. Drake-Brock man, Lieut. B. Scott and Rai Chuni Lai Bose Bahadur, had expressed a wish to with- draw from the Society. The General Secretary reported the death of General J. E. Gastrell, a Life Member of the Society. The President announced that Lieutenant-Colonel G. Ranking, I. M.S., re-elected a Member of the Society on 5th February, J 902, having not paid his entrance fee, his election has become null and void under Rule 9. The General Secretary reported the presentation of three silver coins from the Government of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. The Anthropological Secretary exhibited the accompanying plioto- graph of a cave found by Lieutenant Macleod near the small village of Pandran in the Jhalawan Country, south-east of Kalat in Baluchistan, which had apparently been used as a burying place — the following account 1903.] General Meetings for January and February, 1903, 29 of theplace by Lieutenant Macleod was received with the photograph, from Mr. R. Hughes-Buller, Superintendent, Imperial Gazetteer, Baluchistan. Pandran is a pretty place on a basin of the hills with plenty of water from two springs on the west. The village, which contains five or six Banniah shops and about fifty houses, is situated round an elevated rock known as Anbir. There is much cultivation and plenty of trees. Due west of the village at a distance of about a quarter of a mile is an extraordinai-y cave situated in the skirt of the hill. All the ground round is rolling and in the side of one of the folds is a hole just big enough for a large man to squeeze through. It is said that this hole was uncovered and exposed to view by a flood or erosion of the ground some 50 or 60 years ago. On entering the hole, which is almost in the centre, one finds oneself in an underground vault consisting of a front chamber and two recesses. The breadth of the chamber is about 18 feet and the length to the back of each recess about 16 feet. The recesses are round with domed roofs; the front chamber also has a domed roof. Thus : — Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Section of right-hand recess. The whole appears to have been hewn out of the conglomerate rock. At the left-hand corner of the centre partition is a heap of bones and with this exception there is nothing in the left-hand recess. In the right-hand recess a niche has been cut out of the rock about 6' x 3' x 3'. In it there are twenty-five skulls, one of them is a small one and appears to be that of a child. The rest appear to be those of adults. There are also the ribs and leg-bones of a child down to the knees. In the centre of the right-hand recess lies a bed which, accord- ing to the country people, when the vault was just opened, supported a skeleton. The strings of the bed have now, however, given way and the skeleton, which is evidently that of a man, is lying on its back, on 30 General Meetings for January and February, 1903. [Jan. & Feb. the ground below the bed. There are holes, which, appear to be those of a bullet or arrow on the right temple and at the left side of the back of the skull. Lying near the bed is the skeleton of a large dog which the people say was tied to the bed or charpoy by a string when first observed. Between the bed and the back of the recess are a few bones. The bed is firmly made of rounded wood ( including the frame ) and is still in good condition. Lieutenant Macleod seated himself on it when explor- ing the cave. Over the ribs and head of the corpse was a coarse cloth, thin, and of a dirty yellow colour. The natives point to another place about 20 yards away and say that there is another vault there in which women's skeletons are to be found. No one living appears to have ever entered the second cave, if it exists as alleged. The natives hold the place in considerable awe and have a theory that the place was the scene of a fight. The whole vault was extra- ordinarily symmetrical. The following papers were read : — 1. Note on the occurrence of Motacilla Taivana (Swinhoe) near Cal- cutta.—By Captain H. J. Walton, I.M.S. 2. GayoZ Qraddha and Gayawals.—By L. S. S. O'Malley, I.C.S. Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary, (Abstract). The Gaya District, says Mr. O'Malley, is remarkable for the diver- sity of religious beliefs found there. It is the cradle of Buddhism and still attracts devout pilgrims from distant countries. The real working religion of the great majority of the inhabitants is the propitiation of devils, while Gaya itself is the place to which all pious Hindus resort whose ancestors require deliverance from the condition of evil spirits by means of the Gaya QroZddha. The popularity of this Craddha seems to date from comparatively recent times. The Gayawal Brahmanas who conduct the ceremony profess to be of the Vaisnava sect, but the most prominent place in the invocations offered, is taken by Yama, the God of death, whose presentation in the local legends is very far removed from the conception given in the Vedas, and is more that of the popular devil. The ceremony performed, moreover, affords clear traces of the propitiation and worship of ancestors, and of the primitive conception of roaming spirits. These circumstances and the fact that the Dha- mis, whose Brahmanical origin is doubtful, take the offerings at certain points, all go to show that the popular demonolatry of the district has 1903.] General Meetings for January and February, 1903. 31 had a large share in the origin of what is now regarded as a perfectly orthodox and highly meritorious rite. The origin of the Gayawals is uncertain. They are ignorant and dissolute, but during the ceremony over which they preside, they are worshipped even as Vi^nu himself. They are gradually dying out, and in the meautime, they have peculiar practices of adoption for which there is no authority in the Castras. These are described at some length in Mr. O'Malley's paper. 3. Some Notes on the Religion and Superstitions of the OrSdns. — By Rev. F. Hahn. Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary. (Abstract). The author enumerates the various objects of worship which he classifies under three heads — benevolent spirits, malevolent spirits and noxious spirits and apparitions. He then proceeds to describe the various priestly offices and the lands assigned for religious purposes. Certain prevalent superstitions are discussed and a list is given of a number of totemistic septs with the taboo attached to each. Most of these totems are already enumerated in Mr. Risley's book on the tribes and castes of Bengal. 4. Notes on the Koch, Poliya and Rajvamci in Dinajpur. — By Hari- mohan Sinha. Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary. (Abstract). This paper, like that by Babu Monmohan Roy, which was read at the November meeting, deals with the group of tribes in North Bengal, who are often classed together as Rajvamci-Kocb, but it approaches the subject from a different standpoint and deals with the social dis- tinctions which now exist rather than with the ethnic affinities of the different groups. It appears, however, incidentally that the term Rajvamci has a different application in Dinajpur from that which it appears to have in the Rangpur District. It is shown that the term Deci refers not to a distinct caste, but to a subdivision both of the Koch and of the Poliya castes. A full analysis of these interesting tribes still remains to be written. 5. The green bug and other jassids as food for birds. — By H. W. Peal, F.E.S. 6. Contributions towards a Monograph of the Oriental Aleurodidse. — By H. W. Peal, F.E.S. 7. The function of the vasiform orifice of the Aleurodidse. — By H. W. Peal, F.E.S. 32 Library. [Jan. & Feb. Library, The following additions have been made to the Library during 1902. Transactions, Proceedings, and Journals. ASIA. Ceylon. Colombo. Royal Asiatic Society, Ceylon Branch, Journal, Vols. IT, Nos. 5., X, 35-36., XT, 38-41., XII, 42-43., XIII, 44-45., XIV, 46-47., XV, 48-49., XVI, 50-51., XVII, 52; Proceedings, 1887-1890. Peradeniya. Royal Botanic Gardens, Annals, Vol. I, Parts 1-2. India. Allahabad. Department of Land Records and Agriculture, N.W-P. and Oadh, Agricultural Series, Bulletin, Nos. 8-18. . Indian Forester, Vol. XXVIII, Nos. 1-12. Bombay. Anthropological Society, Journal, Vols. V, Nos. 8., VI, 1-2. . Epigraphia Indica, Vols. VI, Parts 7., VI I, 1-3. . IndFan Antiquary, Vols. XXX, Parts 380-385., XXXI, 386-396-. . Natural History Society, Journal, Vol. XIV, Nos. L-2. , Royal Asiatic Society, Bombay Branch, Journal, Vol. XXI, No. 57. Calcutta. Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, Proceedings and Journal, October- December, 1901. ; . Agricultural Ledger, Nos. 14, 1901., 1-7, 1902. . Botanical Survey of India, Records, Vol. II, Nos. 1-3. . Buddhist Text and Anthropological Society, Journal, Vol. VII, Part 2. . Calcutta Review, Vols. CXIV, Nos. 227-228., CXV, 229. . Geological Survey of India, Memoirs, Vols. XXXII, Parts 3., XXXIV, 1-2; Report, 1901-1902; Memoirs, Palaxmtologia Indica, New Series, Vol. II, No. 1. . Indian and Eastern Engineer, New Series, Vols. X, Nos. 1-4,6., XI, 1-5. . Indian Engineering, Vols. XXXI, Nos. 1-26., XXXII, 1-26. . Indian Lancet, Vols. XVIII, Nos. 12, 14., XIX, 1, 3-8, 10-12, 14-16, 18-26., XX, 1-26. . Indian Meteorological Memoirs, Vol. XII, Nos. 2-4. . Mahabodhi Society of India, Journal, Vols. X, Nos. 10, 12., XI, 1-3, 5-6. . Monthly Weather Review, January-December, 1901., Janu-. ary-June, 1902. J903.] Library. 33 Calcutta. Photographic Society of India, Journal, Vol. XVI, Nos. J -12. Madras. Astrological Magazine, Vols. V, Nos. 12., VI, 3-4, 7-10. . 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I, Nos. 4., II, 5-6. . Institution of Civil Engineers, Minutes of Proceedings, Vols. CXLV-CXLVI; Subject Index, Vols. CXIX-CXLVI. . Institution of Electrical Engineers, Journal, Vol. XXXI, Parts 1-6 ; List of Members, 1902. - . Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Proceedings, Nos. 3-5, 1901., 1, 1902 ; List of Members, 1902. . Journal of Botany, Vols. XXXIX, Nos. 465-468., XL, 469-476. . Journal of Conchology, Vol. X, Nos. 4-7. . Journal of Physiology, Vol. XXVIII, Nos. 3-5. . Linnean Society, Journal, Botany, Vols. XXVI, Nos. 179-180., XXXV, 244-245; Zoology, Vol. XXVIII, Nos. 184-185; Proceed- ings, 1901-1902; Transactions, Botany, Vol. VI, Parts 2-3; Zoology, Vol. VIII, Parts 5-8. . Messenger of Mathematics, Vol. XXXI, Nos. 1-12. . Nature, Vols. LXV, Nos. 1677-1695., LXVI, 1696-1728. . Notes and Queries, 9th Series, Vols. VIII, Nos. 190-209., IX, 210-2i2. . Numismatic Chronicle, Parts 3-4, 1901., 1-2, 1902. . Numismatic Circular, Vols. X, Nos. 110-120., XI, 121. . Philosophical Magazine, 6th Series, Vols. II, Nos. 9-12., Ill, 13-18., IV, 19-20. . Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, Vols. XLIV, Parts 3-4., XLV, 1-3. . Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. XXXIII, Nos. 1-4. — . Royal Asiatic Society, Journal, Parts 1-4, 1902. — . Boyal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices, Vol. LXII, Nos. 2-9, and Appendix. — . Royal Geographical Society, Geographical Journal, Vols. XIX, Nos. 1-6., XX, 1-6. — -. Royal Institution, Proceedings, Vol. XVI, Part 3. — . Royal Microscopical Society, Journal, Parts 4-6, 1901., 1-3, 1902. — . Royal Society, Philosophical Transactions, Vols. CXCIV, Series B., CXCVII A., CXCVIII A ; Proceedings, Vols. LXVIII, Nos. 449- 50., LXIX, 45L-458., LXX, 459-464; Year-Book, 1902. — . Royal Statistical Society, Journal, Vols. LXIV, Parts 3-4., LXV, 1. 1903.] Library. ■ 39 London. Zoological Society, Proceedings, Parts 2, 190 J., 1-2., 1902; Trans- actions, Vol. XVI, Parts 4, 6. Manchester. Literary and Philosophical Society, Memoirs and Proceed- ings, Vol. XLVI, Parts 2-6. Tring. Novitates Zoologicae, Vols. VIII, Nos. 4-5., IX, 1-2. Holland. Amsterdam. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Jaarboek, 1 900 ; Verhandlingen, 1« Sectie, Deel VII, Nrn. 1-7., 2e Sectie, VII, 4-6 ; Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, Deel III, Nrn. 1-4 ; Verslag vande gewone vergaderingen der Wis-en Natuurkundige, Deel IX. The Hague. Koninklijk histituut voor de Taal,- Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch- Indie, Bijdragen tot de Taal, -Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie, 6e Volgr., Band IX, Nrn. 3-4., X, 1-2. . Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Band XL1V, Nrn. 3-4., XLV,l-2. Leyden. Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie, Band XIV, Heft 3-6; Supplement, XV, 1-2. Italy. Florence. Societa Italiana d'Antropologia, Etnologia e Psicologia com- parata, Archivio per l'antropologia e la etnologia, Tome XXXI, XXX II, No. 1. P/sa. Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Atti, Memorie, Tome XVII ; Atti, Processi verbali, Tome XII, pp. 231-266., XIII, 1-40. Rome. Reale Accadeniia dei Lincei, Atti, Rendiconte, Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali, 5 Serie, 2o Semestre, Tome X, Nos. 11-12., lo Semestre, XI, 1-7, 9-12., 2° Semestre, XI, 1-10 ,' Atti, Rendiconte dell'adunanza solenne del 1. Giugno, 1902. . Societa degli Spettroscopisti Italiani, Memorie, Tom. XXXI, Nos 1-10. . Societa Bomana di Antropologia, Atti, Tome VIII, Nos. 2-3. Turin. Reale Accademia delta Scienze, Atti, Tome XXXVII, Nos. 51- 15 • Memorie, 2e Serie, Tome LI ; Osservazioni meteorologiche, 1901. Norway. Christiania. Videnskabs-Selskab, Forhandlinger, 1901 ; Skrifter Nrn 1-6, 1901. Sweden. Stockholm. Entomologisk Tidskrift, Band XXII, Nrn. 1-4. • Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademien, Bihang, Afdel- ing I-IV, Band XXVI; Haudlingar, Band XXXIII-XXXIV; Me- teorologiska Iakttagelser i Sverige, 1896. 40 Library. [Jan. & Feb. Stockholm. Kongl. Vitterhets Historie och Antiquitets Akademien, Manadsblad, 1897. Upsala. Kongl. Humanistiska Vetenskaps-Samfund, Skrifter, Band IV. Russia. Helsingfors. Finska Vetenskaps-Societet, Ofversigt, Band XLIII. . Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Acta, Tome XX ; Meddelanden, Heft 27. Societe Finno-Ougrienne, Journal, Tome XX; Memoires, Tome XV, No. 2, XVII-XVIII. Moscow. Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes, Bulletin, Nos. 3-4, 1901., 1-2, 1902. St. Petersburg. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Annuaire du Musee Zoologique, Tome VI, Nos. 2-4, VII, 1-2; Bulletin, 5 Serie, TorneXII,Nos. 2-5., XIII, 1-3; Memoires, ClassePhy.-Math.,8Serie, Tome X, Nos. 7-9. . . Hortus Petropolitanus, Acta, Tome XIX, Nos. 1-3., XX. . . Russian Imperial Geographical Society, Journal, 1901 ; Pro- ceedings, Vols. XXXVII, Nos. 4-5., XXXVIII, 1-2. . Bussisch-Kaiserliche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, Verhand- lungen, Band XXXIX, Nrn. 1-2. Switzerland. Basel. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen, Band XIII, Heffc 2 ; Namenverzeichniss und Sachregister der Bande 6 bis 12. Geneva. Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, Tome XII, Nos. 12., XIII, 1-5, 7-11. . Societe de Physique et d*~Histoire Naturello, Memoires, Tome XXXIII, Parts 2., XXXIV, Nos. 1-2. Schaffhausen. Societe Entomologique Suisse, Bulletin, Tome X, No. 8. Zurich. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Neujahrsblatt, 1900; Viertel- jahrsschrift, Band XLIV, Nrn. J -4., XLV, 1-4., XLVI, 1-4. AFRICA. Cape Colony. Cape Town. South African Museum, Annals, Vol. II, Parts 6-9. . South African Philosophical Society, Transactions, Vol. XI, Part 4. Congo Free State. Congo. Mat Independant du Congo, Annales, Botanique, Serie I, Tome I, Nos. 8., Ill, 2 , IV, I ; Ethnographie et Anthropologic, Serie III, 1903.] Library. 41 Tome VII, No. 1 ; Zoologie, Serie I, Tome II, No. 2 ; Publications, Nos. 12-15. NORTH AMERICA. Canada. Montreal. Royal Society, Proceedings and Transactions, 2nd Series, Vol. VI. Ottawa. Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Pa- laeontology, Vols. II, Parts 2., IV, 2. Mexico. Mexico. Instituto Geologico, Boletin, No. 15. . Sociedad Cientifica "Antonio Alzate," Memorias y Revista, Tome XIII, Nos. 1-4., XV, 3-12., XVI, 1-3. United States. Albany. Society of Natural Sciences, Bulletin, Vol. VII, No. 1. Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University, American Chemical Journal, Vols. XXIII, Nos. 5-6., XXIV-XXVI, XXVII, 1-3 ; American Jour- nal of Mathematics, Vols. XXII, Nos. 2-4., XXIII, 1-4., XXIV, 1 ; American Journal of Philology, Vols. XXI, Nos. 1-4., XXII, 1-3 ; Circular, Vols. XIII, Nos. 134-139., XIX, 144-145, XX, 148, 149, 154-158; Register, 1900-1901; Studies in Historical and Political Science, Series XVIII, Nos. 5-12., XIX, 1-12., XX, 1. Boston. American Philological Association, Transactions and Proceed- ings, Vols. XXXI-XXXII. . Society of Natural History, Occasional Papers, No. 6 ; Proceed- ings, Vols. XXIX, Nos 15-18, XXX, 1-2. Champagne, III. Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Bulletin, Vol. VI, No. 1. Chicago. Field Columbian Museum, Publications, Anthropological Series, Vols. II, Nos. 4-5, III, 1-2; Geological Series, Vol. I, Nos. 8-10; Report Series, Vols. I, Nos. 6, II, 1 ; Zoological Series, Vols. II, Nos. 1-2, III, 3-5. . Journal of Geology, Vols. IX, Nos. 8, X, 1-6. . Neivberry Library, Report, 1901. Cincinnati. Lloyd Library, Bulletin, No. 2, 1901. Hamilton. Hamilton Association, Journal ano^ Proceedings, 1901-1902. Indianapolis, Ind. Indiana. Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, 1900. Ithaca. N,Y. Cornell University, Studies in Classical Philology, Nos. 15-16. Lawrence, Kansas. Kansas University, Quarterly, Vols. I, Nos. 4, 8, II, 1, 6, 8. Madison, Wis. Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, arts and letters. Transac- tions, Vol. XIII, Parti. 6 42 Library. [Jan. ... \ -J*- 4 ^t *t - ± J T I ■^ ^ 7 2 CO T 1 | < f 1 | t Tt ■I > i i t / zz / t ixt \ i\ % \ L L JS t -Jii- J 1 / l -fl (XL > 1, * -» Ml ^NJ^ - J_« \ 1 ~1~^ - \ 41 r V 4 t ' : \ " ZL1 - 4-t- — ~t~ J •1 - -4-P / : ,/ .... _|— — -3* \± It ' • 4 — ~^:~ | / " — 4-S : __^_v 3* v- + It \ "n lit: =1 =1- / l- X *: K" =R o '^ o 0 15. O 1 ft. % t- g e I -6 I I PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. ^of^ June, 1903, The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednes- day, the 3rd June, 1903, at 9-15 p.m. The Hon. Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., I.O.S., Vice-President, in the chair. The following members were present : — Mr. J. Bathgate, Dr. T. Bloch, Mr. I. H. Burkill, Mr. D. Hooper, Mr. J. Macfarlane, Mr. C. Michie, Mr. L. Morshead, Dr. C. Schulten, Mr. E. P. Stebbing, Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana, Mr. E. Vredenburg. Visitors : — Dr. Mirza Muhammad Masoom, The Hon. Mr. Justice Rampini, Mr. H. Sudlow. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Fourteen presentations were announced. Mr. Hari Nath De was ballotted for and elected an Ordinary Member. Mr. Burkill exhibited some irregular casings or tests of a faggot worm from Miraj, near Kolhapur. Faggot worms are the caterpillars of Psychid moths, which protect their soft bodies by making over them casings — faggot-like — of bits of thin twigs glued to the outside of a silken bag. Usually just so many bits of twig are used as are required to cover the circumference. 98 E. P. Stebbing — Exhibition of some Jute rope. [June, The casings shown were made of the white thorns of the Babul (Acacia arabica ; L.) ; and in a few of them extra thorns had been cut and attached outside the regular casing by the blunt ends in such a way as to stand out at angles varying up to 45°. The casing, so made more spiny, may be more forbidding to a hungry bird, but mast be parti- cularly inconvenient to the worm which carries it through the forks of the small branches in search of food. "Where the extra spines had been added, it seemed to have been done in an attempt to lengthen the casing. Two worms had only added one extra spine each, but one worm had added eleven outside the fifteen which made its proper casing. The Natural History Secretary, Mr. Stebbing, exhibited some Jute rope attacked by beetles and grubs, the external surface of the strands of the rope being pitted with shot holes. The insects performing this work are species of Sitodrepa, being closely allied to the well-known book- worm pest, Sitodrepa yanicea, L., which bores little shot holes into books in our libraries, usually, guided by some unerring iustinct, selecting the most valuable ones. The beetles exhibited are tiny, elongated, almost torpedo-shaped insects, yellowish brown in colour, the largest being just under |th inch in total length, whilst the smaller is about half the size. The whole life cycle of the pest is spent within the jute rope, the beetles probably only leaving it during the pairing period. The beetle bores into the rope from the outside, making a horizontal tun- nel until it reaches the centre, on reaching which it turns and bores parallel to the longitudinal axis. In the borings it lays its eggs; from these, little white grubs hatch out, which feed upon the internal rope fibre, reducing it to powder and consequently undermine its strength. Badly infested rope can be snapped across at the attacked spots, when the interior will be found full of grubs, pupae, perhaps beetles, and brownish powder. The insect runs through, in all probability, a number of generations in the year, a life cycle in the hot weather or rains being probably passed through in three mouths, i.e., the beetle lays eggs, the eggs hatch into grubs, the latter become full fed and change to pupa? and the latter giving rise to mature beetles within this period. This insect belongs to the same family (Ptiuidae), though to a different genus, as the well-known so-called cheroot 'weevil,' Lasioderma testaceum. The jute rope exhibited had a diameter of J inch. It is probable that thicker ones are also attacked. Washing the strands over with turpentine would doubtless act as a preventative to attack, whilst at the same time destroy- ing the insects at work inside. Mr. Stebbing also exhibited some live caterpillars, probably belong- 1903.] Papers. 9£ ing to the family Tineidx, but perhaps very closely related to one or two of the genera of the family Psychidse, specimens of whose larval cases were exhibited by Mr. Burkill : the classification of some of these genera being still open to much revision. The insects in question were extremely curious. They had been found attacking the hair of a mounted Ovis hodgsoni head. The long greyish hair had been almost entirely des- troyed by these small caterpillars. The caterpillars are little canary- yellow insects with bright brown heads. They live inside a little flat elongated case, made apparently from the hairs, which are spun into a close parchment- like material. The case is left open at both ends, and the caterpillars make use of this peculiarity, appearing now at one end and now at the other, the diameter being sufficiently wide at the middle of the case to enable the larva to turn round inside by doubling up upon itself. When it wishes to do this it attaches the end of the case by a silken strand to the surface upon which it is crawling, backs down the case, turns round inside and appears at the other end, the mouth at the end of the case it has left closing automatically, whilst that at the other end opens. Mr. Stebbing mentioned that the specimens had been only brought to him that. morning by the Head Taxidermist of the Indian Museum, and so he had not yet been able to observe the further stages of its life-history. From the above few remarks they are likely to prove of great interest. The hair of the head attacked was ruined. The following papers were read : — 1. A note on the Moran language of Upper Assam. — By Major P. R. T. Gurdon, I. A. (Abstract.) This paper gives a vocabulary of the language of the Morans, a tribe of Upper Assam, together with the corresponding words in the Kachari, Dimasa (or Hill Kachari) languages, and Hodgson's Bodo, which probably is Mech. The comparison proves a strong linguistic affinity between them, and the same probably exists between Deori, Chutiya and the Garo language also, both of which belong to the Bodo group. 2. Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula, No. 14.— By Sir George King, K.C.I.E., F.R.S., and J, Sykes Gamble, CLE., F.R.S. (Abstract.) The paper now presented to the Society is the joint work of Mr. J. S. Gamble, F.R.S., C.I.E., late of the Indian Forest Department, and of Sir George King, F.R.S. , late Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. It contains an account of the Natural Order Capri- 100 Papers. [June, foliacex, which is entirely the work of Mr. Gamble. The larger part' of it is, however, occupied by an account of those genera of the large Order Rubiacese which have more than one ovule in each cell of the ovary. The text of the paper devoted to this order is preceded by a key to these genera, of which there are thirty — none of them being new. The species of Rubiacese described number 164, and of these 50 are new. In a second paper on Rubiacese an account will be given of the genera which are characterised by having only a single ovule in each cell of the ovary, and that paper will be accompanied by a key to these uni-ovular genera. 3. Note on the Faqirs of Baliya-Dighi in Dinajpur. — By Maulavi Abdul Wall (Abstract. ) This order of Faqirs belongs to the followers of Shah Madar. They reside at Mauza Baliya-Dighi, within the Hemtabad police station in the district of Dinajpur. Their beliefs and practices are in many ways Anti-Islamic. They grow long hair on their head, put on coloured cloths, and use shackles of iron and long iron tongs. They never take food touched by other persons, and subsist mainly on unboiled rice, clarified butter and salt. They do not eat fish or meat. It would seem that they are a survival of a corrupt form of Sufism mixed with Hindu ideas. They possess a Sanad granted by Shah Shuja to Shah Sultan Hasan Muria Burahna, of which a copy is published in this paper, and which gives curious details of the former powers and privileges of these Faqirs. 4. On some Archaeological remains in the District of Rajshahi.—By Maulavi Abdul Wall (Abstract.) This is a note on two ancient mosques, one at Bagha and the other at Kusumba, in the District of Rajshahi. It contains a copy of an official report on them, written by Mr. J. S. Carstairs in 1872, and some more details of the traditions attached to each mosque. From inscrip- tions, which still exist at both places, it appears that the Bagha Mosque was built in 930 A.H. = 1523-4 A.D. by Nusrat Shah, the son of Husain Shah, while the Kusumba Mosque was built during the reign of Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah, the son of Muhammad Ghazi, of the Suri family, in the Hijri year 966, which corresponds to 1558-9 A.D. Although there is a large endowment connected with the Bagha Mosque, it has been allowed to fall into a bad state of repair. 1903.] Papers. 101 5. Note on the discovery of Thanasimus sp. prox. nigricollis Lew. in the N.-W. Himalayas, with some remarks on its life-history.-— By E. P. Stebbing. (Abstract.) In June 1902, whilst touring in the Tehri Garhwal forests in the N.-W. Himalayas, the writer discovered and took a number of speci- mens of both larvae and adults of a species of Thanasimus prox. nigri- collis Lew. a beetle of the family Gleridse. After remarking upon the close affinities some of the insects found in the N.-W. Himalayas appear to have with those of parts of Japan, the author goes on to show the im- portance of the discovery of the Thanasimus in the valuable coniferous forests in which it was found. It was pointed out that the insect is an eminently predaceous one, and feeds upon both bark and wood-boring Scolytidse, amongst the species fed upon being some serious conifer pests. It thus takes the place in North India of the European T. formicarius which has the same habits in Continental forests, and thus forms one of the most valuable of the insect allies of the forester in those parts. So great is the importance attached to this latter insect in fact that, during some severe bark-boring attacks experienced in America in the pine forests of West Virginia, Virginia and Maryville, between 1890-1892, a well known America entomologist, Dr. Hopkins, was deputed to Europe to make a collection of living larvae and adults of the predaceous clerid for importation into America. This experiment was conducted to a satis- factory issue. Our Indian Thanasimus has pink elongated larvae which feed upon the larvae of the Scolyted beetle upon which it itself as an adult lives, and it is thus of great service during both the grub and adult stages of its existence. The pink grubs seek out the bark-boring grubs in the galleries in the bark of the tree. The clerid beetles, on the other band, spend the whole of their life outside the tree, and seize the bark beetles upon the bark of the trees either whilst engaged in boring into or issuing from the tree. The Thanasimus adult is probably to be found during most of the months between April and October. The writer by experiment has proved it to feed upon 10 different species of Scolytid beetles. As the Indian Thanasimus is much larger than its European confrere, being almost double the size, it is probably of even greater value iu the forest, since it consumes a greater number of beetles during its existence. The beetles is polygamous. As an instance of the immense amount of good such an insect can do in the forest the following illustration of the immense powers of rapid reproduction possessed by Scolytidae is quoted, 102 Papers, [June, A calculation was made that from eggs laid by the two species Scolytus major and minor, Steb. MS., in a deodar tree 100 ft. in height to the spot where the crown commenced and 3 ft. in diameter at the base, some 56,300 adults issued in July from eggs laid in April-May, due allowance being made for a large mortality. These 56,300 beetles afc once laid the eggs of the second generation in other trees, and taking but 50 per cent, of the resulting larvaa as arriving at maturity, the enormous total of 1,550,000 adults is arrived at, all the result of the April eggs. This shows the rapid rate at which these beetles increase under favour- able conditions. 6. Note about certain sections of the Kakars living in the Zhob Dis- trict of Baluchistan. Collected by Rai Sahib Diwan Jamiat Rai, Spe- cial Assistant to the Superintendent, Imperial Gazetteer, Baluchistan. Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary. (Abstract.) The Kakars are an Afghan tribe in Baluchistan. They amount to over one hundred thousand persons, and are to be found in the largest numbers in Zhob, Quetta-Pishin, and Thal-Chotiali. The paper des- cribes some social customs prevailing among the Mehtarzai and Sargara sections of this tribe, especially cermonies at child-birth, betrothal and marriage, rain-compelling charms, and other usages. It 'also gives a legendary account of the origin of the Sanzar Khel section of the Kakars, and a description of some of the primitive Kakar dwellings in Tang Haidarzai. 7. Exorcism of Wild Animals in the Sunderbans. — By D. Sunder, Commissioner in the Sunderbans. Communicated by the Anthropologi- cal Secretary. (Abstract.) This is an interesting account on the charms used by the fakirs in the Sunderbans to chase away tigers. Between the months of October and May crowds Of wood-cutters come in boats from Barisal, Khulna, Faridpur, Calcutta, for the purpose of cutting timber. Their belief in the power of the fakir to protect them against the attacks of wild ani- mals, especially tigers, is to strong that nothing will induce them to proceed to the jungles without their fakir, and no work is begun in the forests by wood-cutters until the fakir has gone through his charms and incantations, and has performed his pujas for the dispersion of all nox- ious animals. These are described with great detail. T lie prayers are directed to a curious mixture of gods and godlings. We find there Jaga- bandhu, Mahadev, Monsha (the goddess of Serpents), Rupapori (a 1903.] Papers. 103 spirit of the jungles), Kali-Mai, Ospori (a jungle spirit having wings), Berra Thakurain (the wife of Dakho Raja, the father of Durga), Rakhya Chanel (another form of Kali), Ghazi Saheb and his brother Kalu, Chawal Pir, Ram Ghazi and Bastu Devata (the goddess of the earth). Farther, we have Hingli, Bingli, and Mangala, said to be deities of the jungles and the fathers of tigers, also Azrael the rider, alleged to be a spirit who is always on the backs of tigers. If it happens that the fakir himself, instead of the wood-cutters, is carried off by the tiger, the people often explain this by saying that, because the propitiation of the deities of the jungle in those places had been neglected for a long time, the tigers there consequently had become very angry. 8. The occurrence of Melanterite {Ferrous Sulphate) in Baluchis- tan.— By David Hooper, F.C.S. 9. Notes on Ghirand in the Saran District. — By Nundo Lall Dey. (Abstract.) Chirand is six miles to the East of Chupra. It contains an ancient fort, upon which four Hindu temples have been built. There also stands a mosque, built by Husain Shah of Bengal in 1503 A. D. Numerous Buddhist images had been found there, and ancient mounds are seen at several places close to it. The author explains the word ' Chir- and ' as a compound of chir, meaning ' a portion cut off ' and and, which he takes as a corruption of Ananda. There is a tradition that the remains of Ananda, the famous disciple of Buddha, were divided into two parts after cremation, and that one half was deposited in the Mahavana- Kutagara, in one of the suburbs of Vaisali. The latter place was shown to the Chinese pilgrims. There is, further, a legend still current at Chirand that it was the capital of king Mayuradhvaja, who sawed down his son in order to satisfy the craving for human flesh of Siva, who came to the king in the disguise of an old Brahman to test his generos- ity. Combining all these facts, the author suggests an old mound close to Cherand as the probable site of the tower, containing half of Ananda's remains, and he sides with Dr. Hoey as regards the position Vaisali who has recently located it at Chirand, in contradiction to Basar, in the Muzaffarpur District, which used to be the generally accepted site of Vaisali. However this may be, it appears that the ruins at Chirand deserve a careful exploration, as they are promising of important re- sults. 10. The Hughs of the Sundarbans, Backergunge District. — By D. Sunder, Commissioner in the Sunderbans. Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OP THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. fo*\ jTULY, 1903. The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednes- day, the 1st July, 1903, at 9-15 p. m. The Hon. Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., I.O.S., Vice-President, in the chair. The following members were present : — Mr. J. Bathgate, Dr. T. Bloch, Mr. I. H. Burkill, The Rev. E. Francotte, S. J., Mr. T. H. Holland, Mr. H. E. Kempthorne, Mr. W. A. Lee, Mr. 0. Little, Major F. P. Maynard, I.M.S., Mr. J. Nicoll, Mahamahapadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri, Mr. E. P. Stebbing, Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhusan, Mr. E. Vredenburg, and Mr. D. R. Wallace. Visitors :— The Hon. Mr. Justice Rampini, Mr. R. R. Simpson, and Mr. G. Wallace. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Twenty-nine presentations were announced. Maharaja Jagadindra Nath Roy Bahadur and Mr. H. Maxwell Lefroy were ballotted for and elected Ordinary Members. The Chairman announced that the Elliott Prize for Scientific Research for the year 1902 had not been awarded, as the essay received in competition was not of sufficient merit to justify the award of the Prize. 106 Exhibitions. [July, The Chairman also announced that Mr. T. H. Holland had been elected a member of the Council of the Society. The General Secretary reported that the Hon. Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter had been appointed to serve on the Finance and Philological Committees, and Dr. E. D. Rosa on the Library Committee of the Society during the present year. The Natural History Secretary exhibited pupa? and moths, to- gether with drawings of all the stages in the life-history of the Tineid larva? shown at the last meeting feeding upon hair taken from a badly attacked mounted head of an Ovis hodgsoni. The first of these larva? changed to pupa? on the 6th June, and others followed suit on the following days, until by the 25th all had pupated. In doing this, they attach themselves either amongst the hairs by means of thin silken strands, or more often collect gregariously together in bunches. The covers of the box in which tbey were kept were all made in this way, the larvae congregating together and spinning their cases together. They pupate within the case. Pupation lasts but a few days only, the first moths issuing on 11th June, whilst others followed on 14th and subsequent days, and are still emerging. The pupa? moves itself to the mouth of the case, when the moth is ready to emerge, and protrudes be- yond it to facilitate the exit of the moth. Thus, when the latter has es- caped, the empty pupal case remains projecting from the mouth. The pupa is brown in colour and very small. Length 6 millim. The figure shows the larval cases collected gregariously together, and an empty pupal case projecting from the mouth of the larval case. The moth is a tiny grey insect with very long fringes to its wings, which are longish and narrow and covered with long scales especially near the inner angles of the lower wings. Wing Exp. — 13 *2 millim. Mr. Stebbing also exhibited a small species of Thanasimus ■prox.formi- carius, which is predaceous upon the larva? of the Bamboo shot- borer Bostrichus pilifrons, an insect known as ' ghoong ' in many parts of India. The larva? are long and white in colour, and also feed upon the Bostri- chid larvae in their galleries in the bamboos. When full-fed they pupate in the bamboo, and the beetles live inside it and feed upon the shot-borer's larva?. They probably only leave the galleries to pair. They are very active and excessively voracious. This beetle will be described in a subsequent paper. The exhibit shows the larva?, pupa? and adults of the Thanasimus, as also the larv», pupa? and adults of the Bostrichus pilifrons. 1903.] D. Prain— Notes on Sundribun. 107 The following papers were read : — 1. Notes on Sundribun Plants. — By D. Prain. The writer has recently published a paper (Records, Bot. Survey of India, vol. ii. n. 4) dealing with the Flora of the Sundribuns. He had occasion there to call attention to the fact that a number of species have been recorded from this region in Roxburgh's Hortus Bengalensis, published in 1814, and that a few of the species there mentioned have not been collected in the area since Roxburgh's time. The specimens themselves that would have verified Roxburgh's statements were re- moved from Calcutta in 1828 and are now entirely lost to India. Those, however, who have to follow Roxburgh's published work are so struck by the closeness and accuracy of his observations that, when he makes a definite statement, they accept its correctness in the face of any amount of negative evidence. The species that are recorded from the Sundribuns by Roxburgh, for which the record had been unverified by subsequently collected specimens when the writer's paper went to press hardly a year ago, were Flemingia congesta, Mezoneuron cucullatum, Bruguiera parvijlora, Arthro- cnemun indicum, Salicornia brachiata, Dendrobium Pierardi and Pteris vittata. Since the paper was sent to the printer, a native collector, who had been sent to obtain seeds of various Sundribun species, has brought in specimens of Salicornia brachiata, which he found in abundance not far from Matla (Canning Town). And immediately after the publication of the paper the writer received from a careful observer, Mr. J. Lancaster, Secretary to the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, an interesting note regarding Dendrobium Pierardi, which is worthy of being recorded. ' In June 1896, Mr. Lancaster, being unwell, was sent for a fort- night's change of air by Sir C. C. Stevens, then President of the Society, and through the kindness of Capt. Petley was enabled to join the " Tigris " which was proceeding to stock the Refuge-Houses along the seaface of the Sundribuns. The steamer went direct to the most distant Refuge-House, two days' journey east of the Matla. While running down the lane of water leading to the house the boat took the ground, a not unusual accident at the sharp turn known as the Devil's Elbow. The delay consequent on this was taken advantage of by Mr. Lan- caster to examine through a glass the islands east and west of the posi- tion. Detecting to the east, on Bangadhony Island, a tree rather taller than usual with a forked stem and apparently a clump of orchids in the fork, Mr. Lancaster accompanied by Mr. Hogg, late of the Calcutta Police, proceeded to this tree, and climbing its gnarled and twisted trunk, 108 Papers. [JtJLY, obtained a clump of a Dendrobium. This he mounted on his return to Calcutta, and obtained flowers later on which proved it to be Dendro- binum Pierardi. The plant is still alive in the Society's garden at Ali- pur, and though the block on which it was originally placed has de- cayed, its roots have laid hold of some wire netting and Vanda teres stems, and it thrives in quite as exposed a position as that in which it was found.' Thus, though the writer was unaware of the fact, Roxburgh's record of Dendrobium Pierardi from the Sundribuns area, which by the way is the locus classicus for the species, had already been amply con- firmed, and there is little doubt that similar happy accidents will in time lead to a confirmation of Roxburgh's other and as yet unverified records. The writer would esteem it a favour if members of the Asiatic Society interested in the Sundribuns would communicate with him should they contemplate visiting on official duty, or for purposes of sport, this very enticing region, when he would be glad to indicate to them what, from the botanical standpoint, still calls for observation and inves- tigation.* 2. Notes on the Grdm DevafU or tutelary village deity of Orissa — By Jamini Mohan Das, Deputy Magistrate, Cuttack. (Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary.) (Abstract.) Throughout the plains of Orissa, every village has a tutelary god dess, called Gram Devata or Thakurani. She is generally established under the shade of a tree, and commonly represented by a piece of shapeless stone, surrounded by several smaller pieces representing her children. Carved images are also met with, though very rarely, and sometimes the trunk of a tree, supposed to possess supernatural pro- perties, is worshipped as the village Goddess. The Kandhs of Nayagarh, however, believe their village deity to be of the male sex, and use a wooden post, 2^ feet high, to represent it. Besides the generic name, Gram Devata, each Goddess has a specific name, which is generally one of the thousand names of Kali. The most noticeable feature of the Gram Devata worship is the non-priestly caste of the men who conduct it, In the plains, the Napit, Mali, Raul, or Bhopa is usually the priest, * Since this paper was read, the Rev. Mr. Le Quesne, of Bhowanipur, has kindly communicated plants of Reindict clumetorum, raised from seeds collected in an aban- doned Snndribun settlement at Gaoroba. The writer has also jnst learned that in other places whioh mark the sites of habitations of the old dacoits and salt-smugglers who infested the Sundribuus, are to be fouud growing examples of Mimusops Elengi — the BakuVtree. : •'- - -- - J, ■ 1903.] Papers. 109 while the aborigines select men from their own tribes. The worship of the village Goddess is largely supported by small rent-free grants of land, which is held by the priest, who gets in addition daily doles from the rich men of the village, and weekly doles from the poorer people. Thursday is considered specially auspicious for the regular yujH of the Goddess. Special offerings are made at all festive occasions, and the Thakurani receives particular attention on the out-break of epidemic diseases. The ceremonies performed on these occasions are the same as elsewhere in India. The people have a peculiar means of knowing the wishes and decrees of the Goddess. In almost every village is a male or female medium, called Kalasi, through whom the Goddess communi- cates with the people. He appears before the Goddess holding two sticks in his hands, and swings his body to and fro. After a time he begins to tremble, and in the course of his confused mutterings gives out some secrets of the village, to win the confidence of the people. He then predicts evil to some and good to others, prescribing at the same time the remedies required in the shape of special offerings to the God- dess and special favours to himself. Certain village Goddesses in the plains are regarded as " Parama-Vaisnavis, " and animal sacrifices are not allowed before them. Such sacrifices are also sparingly made before the other Goddesses, probably owing to the spread of Vaishnavism. Fowls are also let loose before some of the Goddesses by the upper classes of Hindus, who do not eat them, and they are killed by the lower classes who eat them. Finally, the author points to the practice of animal sacrifices, the offerings of fowls, the relegation of the priestly function to the Sudra castes, and the shapeless form of the images as indicating the aboriginal origin of this form of worship. 3. A note on the life-history of Chermes abietis-pioese, Steb. Ms. — By E. P. Stebbing. (Abstract.) In a previous paper read before this Society at the Meeting held on April 1st last, I gave an account of the mode of development of the alar appendages of the Spruce form of Chermes abietis-picese. It is my intention here to describe in detail the observations I have up to the present been able to make on the life-history of this exceedingly remarkable and interesting insect, which lives at elevations of between 7000 to 9500 feet upon Spruce and silver fir trees in the N.-W. Himalayas. The genus Chermes belongs to the great family Aphidse or Plant Blights, one of the families of the Bhynchota or bugs, insects provided with a proboscis or beak by means of which they suck out the juices of plants. 110 Papers. [JULY, It is not too much to say that man himself would be exterminated off the face of the earth if this particular order of insects were not kept in check by their numerous predaceous and parasitic foes. But the genus is especially remarkable, in common with the well-known Phylloxera which commits such serious depredations in European vineyards, owing to the fact that one generation of individuals assume different habits to the one that has preceded them, and so set up the phenomenon known as «* parallel series." It is well-known that in the case of the Phylloxera, one generation lives in galls upon the leaves, whilst a succeeding one lives underground upon the roots of the vine. There is a European form of the Chermes here described, and its life-history has been the subject of the most lively discussion amongst European scientists, the investi- gations of such renowned observers as Blochmann, Dreyfus and Cholod- kovsky standing out the most prominently. Perhaps the latter may be said to have given us the most lucid explanation in his paper published as recently as 1890. This European form, which is named Chermes dbietis — laricis, lives upon the Spruce and larch. The writer discovered the Chermes here dealt with in the N.- W. Himalayas. In this region the larch does not exist, and its place is taken by the Silver fir which is generally to be found associated with the Spruce. The life-history of the insect upon these trees, which appears to differ in a few points from that of its European confrere, may be briefly summarised as follows : — A wing- less parthenogenetic female of the Chermes either deposits her eggs upon Spruce twigs and branches in the autumn, or hibernates through the winter upon the tree and lays her eggs in the April of the following year. These eggs, which are numerous, hatch out at the beginning of May, and the young larvae collect round the base of the young developing need- les on the branches and by suction cause them to swell up at their bases. The needles thus coalesce, enclosing the young larvae, into a gall or pseudo-cone. This grows on until it has the appearance of a young, green fir-cone. Inside it becomes partitioned off into a number of cells » in each of which a number of young larvae live and grow to maturity. In the middle of July they are ready to undergo their last moult. The cone then opens by shrinkage at the edges of the little doors, with one of which eaoh compartment is furnished, and the little fat purple larvae crawl out on to the outside of the false cone. They at once shed their last skin and become perfect winged insects, most gorgeously coloured, though these colours fade within a few hours. These insects now take on different habits; some of them remain on the Spruce and lay eggs thereon out of which young are hatched, which probably grow in- to the hibernating females, whose offspring next year produce the galls upon the tree. But another portion migrate to the Silver fir (in 1903.] Papers. J 11 Europe it would be the larch) ; here they lay eggs from which arise the wingless parthenogenetic females which either lay eggs upon the stems and brauches of the new or secondary plant in the autumn or hibernate on it through the winter and lay eggs in April. These eggs are invari- ably laid within white cottony masses which render their presence upon the trees easily perceivable. These eggs hatch out in the beginning of May, and the young, crimson-coloured larvae crawl up on to the newly-de- voloped spring needles of the tree and suck out their juices. Part of these become nymphs and go on to the winged condition, and then about the middle of July fly back to the Spruce, whilst the rest remain wingless and lay eggs that give rise to yet another wingless generation ; in fact, it may be said that a second pair of parallel series is formed upon the Silver fir, of which one is wingless and exclusively parthenogentic and continues to live for an indefinite period upon the tree, whilst the other becomes winged and returns to the Spruce. I have not as yet traced the further life-history of these winged individuals beyond ascertaining the fact that they really do return to that tree. It is probable, however, that they at once lay eggs, which give rise to a sexual generation. These latter lay upon the Spruce the eg^ which gives rise to the wingless parthenogene- tic 9 which starts the life-cycle by laying the eggs from which hatch out the young larvae whose action produces the galls or pseudo-cones. It is considered probable that it will be held that the discovery and working out of the life-histories of this insect and that of the Thanasimus sp. (the Clerid predaceous upon bark-beetles) whose habits were discuss- ed in a paper read at the last Meeting, are amongst the most important, as they are scientifically as well as economically amongst the most inter- esting of the entomological investigations made in this country. 4. Notes on the Hindus in the Nuskhi Tahsil of the Chagai Agency in Baluchistan. — By EL. Rai Sahib Diwan Jamiat Rai, Special Assistant to the Superintendent, Imperial Gazetteer^ Baluchistan. Communicated by the Anthropological Secretary. (Abstract.) These notes are the outcome of enquiries made from some of the principal Hindu shop-keepers of Nuskhi. There are in all about thirty families, old inhabitants, some of whom have been in the Tahsil for five generations. They are all Arora Hindus, and the majority of them came from Kachi and Shikarpur. They all know Brahui, and most of the men speak Baluchi also, but in their homes they speak the Jatki dialect. There are also about twenty families in Shorawak, in Afghan territory. They have not very clear ideas about their religion. The 112 Papers. [July, majority profess Sikhism, but the Shikarpuris worship Darya Bakhsb, the River Pir of Sind. So far as is known, none of the Hindus have been converted to Muhammedanism. There is, however, an instance of a Hindu taking a Muhammedan girl as wife. Hindus have been in the habit of buying and keeping Muhammedan slaves. These Hindus have some peculiar usages of their own. Thus a Muhammedan can clean his pots with ashes, sand, or dust, but he must not wash them with water. A. Muhammedan may bring them water in a skin, a brass pot, or an earthen pitcher. A Hindu may wash with water the baking-stove belonging to a Muhammedan, sprinkle salt on it, and then bake his bread on it. A Muhammedan must not touch food belonging to a Hindu, but he may carry it in a pot or a piece of cloth. The author then goes in- to details with regard to the ceremonies at betrothal, marriage, child- birth and death ; but these do not appear to differ essentially from the customs prevailing amongst the Hindus in the Panjab. 5. The exceptional heat in Bengal, and its probable cause. — By C. Little, M.A. (Abstract.) The temperature tables given for Calcutta and other parts of India show that between the middle of April and the 25th of May excessive heat continued without interruption, though not without fluctuation in Bengal ; while beyond the western frontier of Bengal there was either normal, or, as in the north-west, exceptionally low temperature. The progressive character of the temperature recorded at Alipore, since the establishment of the observatory there, is referred to ; and it is pointed out that 107°.4 registered during the past season is the highest recorded with one exception, viz., 108°.2 on the 12th of June, 1901. This latter value is to some extent of doubtful accuracy. It is also shown that the temperature at Calcutta exceeded 103° eleven times during April and May 1903, whereas during the previous ten years the average number of days on which that figure was exceeded was less than three. It is claimed that excessive temperature of that nature as regards intensity and duration in Bengal, must, in the absence of relatively high tempera- tures in the west, be due to well defined causes not indicated by the ground-level observations. Reference is made to the direction of the upper current, and the writer states that his own observations of the course followed by thunderstorms during the past season as well as the cloud movement, whenever cloud was visible, indicate that the air- current overhead was, during the period of heat, from the west instead of from the more usual north-westerly direction. Assuming that a westerly current from Central India is warmer than a north-westerly current 1903.] Papers. J13 from the directions of the Himalayas and Central Asia, it is shown that the more abnormal features of the weather in Bengal may be explained, the excessive heat by impaired convection, and the failure of thunder- storms by the diminished vertical temperature gradient.. 6. Notes about the Wanechis (Spin Tarin Afghans) of the Shahrig Tahsil, Thai Chotiali, Baluchistan. — By Rai Sahib Jamiat Rai, Special Assistant to the Superintendent, Imperial Gazetteer, Baluchistan. Commu- nicated by the Anthropological Secretary. (Abstract.) The Wanechis are a section of the Spin Tarin Afghans. These, with a few exceptions, have left their original home in Pishin, and migrated southwards to Shahrig and Duki Tahsils of Thai Chotiali. Numerically their strongest group is the Wanechi, which is said to come of an alien stock. Theoretically an Afghan tribe, as we find it in Balu- chistan, is constituted from a number of kindred groups of agnates. That is to say, descent is through the father, and the son inherits the blood of the father. Affiliated with a good many tribes, however, are to be found a certain number of alien groups known as Mindun or Hamsctyah, The latter term means : " living in the same shade." These groups are admittedly not united to the tribe by kinship. The number of Wanechis according to the last census is 2,802, and the sections speci- fied are twenty. The paper then goes into further details with regard to the sub-divisions or clans making up the various sections, their origin? their grouping in time of tribal warfare, the division of looted property, transit-dues levied by some tribes, their marriage customs, and compen- sations paid for various offences, such as murder, injury, theft and adultery. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. foB^ August, 1903. The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednes- day, the 5th August, 1903, at 9-15 p.m. The Hon'ble Mr. C. W. Bolton, C.S.I., I.C.S., President, in the chair. The following members were present : — Mr. J. Bathgate, Mr. I. H. Bnrkill, Dr. A. Caddy, Mr. J. N. Das- Gupta, Dr. W. C. Hossack, Mr. 0. Little, Mr. J. Macfarlane, Kumar Ramessur Maliah, The Hon'ble Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, Mr. C. G. Rogers, Pandit Yogesa Chandra S'astree, Mahamahopadhyaya Hara- prasad Shastri, Mr. E. P. Stebbing, Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana, Mr. E. Yredenburg, and Mr. E. H. Walsh. Visitors: — Mr. I. A. Black, Mr. R. Enthoven, Mr. L. L. Fermor and Mr. H. G. Pearson. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Thirty-three presentations were announced. Mr. Abdur Rahim and Dr. Mirza Muhammad Masoom were ballotted for and elected Ordinary Members. It was announced that Lt.-Col. C. H. E. Adamson had expressed a wish to withdraw from the Society. The General Secretary reported the death of Babu Ram Din Singh, an Ordinary Member of the Society. 116 E. P. Stebbing — Exhibition of Olania prox. crameri. [Aug., With reference to a Circular issued by a Committee of the British Association for the purpose of collecting photographs of Anthropological interest, printed in the Proceedings of the Society for April 1903, the President announced that the Council had agreed to the establishment of a local Indian depot for the storage of negatives, and the Society had further undertaken to store the negatives. The President also announced that the Council had approved of the proposal of the Hon'ble Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, Vice-President, to use the Society's Meeting Hall for the purpose of arranging a popular lecture on some scientific subject on the 10th August, 1903, at 9-15 p.m. The Council had further undertaken the business of the lecture itself at a charge to cover expenses incurred from the sale proceeds of the tickets, and entrusted the matter to a Sub-Committee consisting of the Vice- President, Mr. E. P. Stebbing, the Hon'ble Dr. Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, and the General Secretary. Members of the Society will be admitted free and tickets sold to Scientific Institutions at a large reduction. The General Secretary reported : — 1. That Mr. T. H. Holland had been appointed to serve on the Finance Committee of the Society during the present year. 2. That the order of Council relative to the Library being open to the members of the Society from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Sundays, had been revoked. 3. That the Council had appointed Pandit Mahendra Nath Muk- hopadhyaya as the Pandit for the Oriental Library of the Society in the place of Pandit Charu Chandra Bhuttacharyya, resigned. The Natural History Secretary, Mr. Stebbing, exhibited the various stages in the metamorphosis of a species of Clania prox. crameri which defoliates Casuarina {Gasuarina equisetifolia) trees in the Madras Presidency, and made a few remarks upon its life-history. The insect, of which specimens of the various stages and diagrams were shown, belongs to the family Psychidae, commonly called the bag- worms because of the habit the larvaa have of preparing for them- selves early in life small cases of bits of stick, leaves, etc., in which they live and pupate. In the present instance the case is made of the small green branches of the tree arranged in a cylin- drical manner. The green soon fades, and the case then assumes the dirty grey colour of pieces of stick. The caterpillar feeds upon the needle-like leaves of the tree, and its protective case doubtless helps to protect it against birds which, owing to the very thin foliage of the Ca- suarina, would quickly see it feeding upon the tree had it not some form 3903.] E. P. Stebbing — Exhibition of Clania prox. crameri. 1J7 of protection. The grub takes alarm at the slightest motion and im- mediately withdraws itself into its case. It is a heavy feeder. It pupates within the case, closing down the bag opening at the exterior end after fixing the case to a branch, and then turning round inside the case so as to hang head downwards. The moth escapes at the lower end of the case. Only the male leaves the case ; the female is wingless and consists of an elongated yellow sac with no legs or mouth parts. She is fertilised by the cf within the case itself, and this is the reason for the great extension of the abdominal tip in the male moth. The female lays her eggs in the case. About 9 days are spent in the pupal stage by the July generation of the insect. The eggs laid by the July- August moths hatch out within a few days of being laid, the young larvee at once leaving the case and scatter- ing over the young branches of the tree. These are those of the se- cond generation of the year. In the discussion that followed Mr. Rogers said that he bad noticed some faggot worms on the Casuarinas in Port Blair (the Andamans), and suggested that they might be the larva? of the same species as Mr. Stebbing had obtained in Waltair and Ganjam (Madras). Mr. Rogers then drew attention to the occurrence of young Casua- rina trees on the North and West Coast of the Little Andaman and also their occurrence in Car Nicobar (West Coast) and Great Nico- bar also on the West Coast, and suggested that as the genus was so far as he knew essentially an Australian one, that the seed might have been water-borne and have come across from Madras. The seed of the Ca- suarina ripens in Madras in May, and the South- West monsoon commences early in June, which would seem to point the possibility of the introduc- tion of the Casuarina into the Nicobars and Andamans in this way. It is true the Casuarinas have been planted at Poit Blair (Anda- mans) and Nancowry (Central Nicobars) on the hills near the harbour, but few young seedlings have resulted naturally from these trees, the young trees referred to above being confined to the sea-shore. Dr. A. Caddy stated that he knew Australia and that the genus, with the exception of Casuarina equisitifolia, was confined to the Aus- tralian Continent, but that the species named had been reported from Mr. Bathgate then asked how the moth could have got to the An- damans from Madras. Mr. §tebbing pointed out that there was no proof of the identity of the species, as no moths had been reared by Mr. Rogers in the Andamans, and it was therefore impossible to say that the laivse noticed as occurring in that locality were identical with those collected in the Casuarina plantations of Madras. 118 Papers. [Aug. The following papers were read : — 1. Chronology of the Eastern Gayga Kings of Orissa. — By Monmohan Chakravarti, M.A., B.L., M.R.A.S., Deputy Magistrate. (Abstract.) The chronology of the Eastern Ganga kings is in a confused state. The object of this article is to clear this confusion as far as possible with the help of inscriptional and other records. The fourteen Eastern Garjga kings from Codagarjga to Nrsimha Deva IV have been taken in hand one by one, all the date references noted in a tabular form, the first and last year deduced, the relationship and titles noted, and then all available informations likely to throw light on the chronology have been gathered and discussed. Eighty-one date- extracts of inscriptions have been quoted in the tables, most of them published in full for the first time, besides references to other inscrip- tions in the accounts given below each table. The following approximate times of the Orissan Gagga kings have been arrived at : — Codagagga ... ... faka 998-1069. Kamarnava VII. ... 9- 1069-1078. Raghava ... ?• 1078-1092. Rajaraja II. ... 9- 1092-1112. Aniyanka alias Ananga- bhima II. ... g. 1112-J120. Rajaraja III. ... 9- 1120-1133. Anarjgabhima III. ... g. 1133-1160. Nrsimha Deva I. ... 9- 1160-1186. Bhanu Deva I. ... ... 9- 1186-1200/1. Nrsimha Deva II. ... ?. 1200/1-1227/8. Bhanu Deva II. ... 9- 1227/8-1249/50. Nrsimha Deva III. ... 9- 1219/50-1274/5. Bhanu Deva III. ... 9- 1274/5-1300/1. Nrsimha Deva IV. ... 9- 1300/1-reigning in Q. 1324 and probably in f\ 1346. Dark Period ... g. 1346(?)-1356/7. The article ends with a genealogical table of the entire Gagga family from Virasimha, the reputed founder, to Nrsimha Deva IV., with their respective years of reign. 2. Himalayan Summer Stoi-ms and their influence on Monsoon Bain- fall in Northern India. — By 0. Little, M.A. 3. A List of Tibetan Books brought from Lhasa by the Japanese monk, Mr, Ekai Kuiva Gochi. — By E. H. Walsh, I. U.S. 1903.] Papers. 119 4. On the life history of a species of Arbela, new to the Indian Museum Collections, which is proving a destructive pest in Casuarina plan* tations in Madras. — By E. P. Stebbing. (Abstract.) How little is really known about our insect foes in India is becom- ing increasingly evident day by day. An insect suddenly swarms over an area in numbers owing to some particularly favourable conditions in its surroundings, it commits serious depredations in the fields, orchards, or forests of the tract it is invading and specimens are sent for identifi- cation to specialists. The odds are greatly in favour of its being un- known to science. Instances of this state of affairs are numerous, and it may be said that, leaving out of account the butterflies and one or two other groups which have received attention, it is easier to pick up a new species than to collect one that is known. The moth known as Arbela tetraonis Moore, about whose life-history I wish to put on record a few notes, furnishes an illustration of the aptness of the above remarks, since although new to the Indian Museum Collections and rare in collections generally, its larva has been known for some years as a destructive bark eater in Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) plantations on the eastern seaboard of Madras. There may, however, be said to be some excuse for its having remained so long undescribed, since it belongs to a family of moths closely allied to the Cossidse which have been little studied and the life-histories of whose members are little known, the larvae often living in the interior of the woody portions of trees. The moths are rarely seen ; in colouration they often greatly resemble the surfaces upon which they rest, and being poor fliers they do not move about much and, owing to the method of living of the larvae, they are difficult to breed out. The pupal stage of the English Goat Moth is known and has been described, but very little is known about the pupae of other members of the Cossid family, and practically nothing is on record about the Indian Arbelidse. The description of the pupal stage of this insect given in the paper is therefore of some in- terest and importance. After noting on the members of the families represented in the Indian Museum, including an unnamed specimen, which is labelled ' de Niceville, Calcutta, 1891,' and which is not unlike the insect here dealt with, the paper gives a description of the larva, pupa, and moth* • and then alludes to the portions of the life-history at present known and describes the method of feeding of the larva. This is important. The # This insect has since been very kindly identified for me by Mr. G. C. Dudgeon as Arbela tetraonis Moore. E.P.S., 2nd November, 1903. 120 Papers. [Aug., 1903. caterpillar feeds entirely upon the bark, building for itself covered ways under which it takes shelter. These galleries, which resemble glorified termite galleries, are composed entirely of the excreta bound together with fine silk. These covered ways are very conspicuous upon the bark of the tree, being from Jrd to £" iu breadth externally, and from 9" to as much as 18" in length, and reddish brown in colour. An infested tree can always be told by the presence of these galleries which doubtless serve to protect the caterpillar from the attacks of birds and other pre- daceous foes. The bark is eaten away either in thin irregular-shaped patches in the neighbourhood of the galleries or gnawed down to the wood beneath the covered ways. These latter run up or down the tree or may nearly or quite encircle it. When the insect is plentiful the trees are killed out by it. On becoming full fed the larva leaves the bark and bores right into the wood until it reaches the centre of the tree where it pupates. On maturing, the pupa by means of rows of spines with which it is encircled, wriggles and pulls itself along the gallery in the wood until it reaches the outside; it then pushes through the covered way till about Jrd of its length protrudes. The anterior end then splits down and the moth escapes. Moths emerge between March and July. The insect appears to be fairly common in Chatrapur ( Ganjam), Godaveri, Cuddalore, Nellore (S. Arcot), and in North Arcot. In these plnces valuable Government Casuarina plantations exist, formed either with the object of stopping the encroachment of the shifting sand dunes on to the cultivated lands, or on to roads, etc., or to provide wood and fuel for the local population for whom little other wood save that of palm trees exists. It will be seen, therefore, that the attacks of an insect of this nature are of importance since they may ruin the result of many years' work. Unfortunately the insect is not alone but has other insect allies which aid it in the work of destruction. In a discussion which followed Mr. Pargiter, Vice-President, stated that when stationed in the Sundeibuns some years ago he had seen a larva which appeared to live and feed in a very similar manner to the Arbela larva described by Mr. Stebbing. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL For November, 1903. o* The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednes- day, the 4th November, 1903, at 9 p.m. The Hon. Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., I.C.S., President, in the chair. The following members were present : — Mr. J. Bathgate, Dr. T. Bloch, Mr. I. H. Burkill, Rev. E. Francotte, S.J., Mr. T. H. Holland, Dr. W. 0. Hossack, Mr. C. Little, Mr. J. Mac- farlane, Dr. M. M. Masoom, Mr. C. W. McMinn, Mr. C. Michie, Mr. L. Morshead, Pandit Yogesa Chandra Sastree, Mr. E. P. Stebbing, Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana, Mr. E. Vredenburg, Mr. D. R. Wallace, Mr. E. H. Walsh, Major J. H. Tull Walsh, I.M.S., and Dr. C. R. Wilson. Visitors :— Mr. J. A. Black and Mr V. H. Jackson. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Eighty-one presentations were announced. Mr. J. Hope Simpson, Nawab M. M. Hosein Khan, The Right Rev. Dr. Reginald Stephen Copleston, Mr. J. C. Faunthorpe, Professor C. Ito, Dr. A. S. Allan, and Mr. T. D. Edelston, were elected Ordinary Members during the recess in accordance with Rule 7. It was announced that Dr. F. Noetling, Mr. E. S. Wood, and Mr. A. F. M. Abdur Rahman had expressed a wish to withdraw from the Society. The General Secretary reported the death of Mr. W. B. Colville, an Ordinary Member of the Society. 122 Announcements. [Nov. The President announced : — 1. That the Council had appointed Mr. E. H. Walsh, I.C.S., An- thropological Secretary of the Society in the place of Mr. E. A. Gait, resigned. 2. That during the absence of the Hon. Dr. Asutdsh Mukhopadhyaya, Mr. J. Macfarlane had been carrying on the duties of Treasurer, and that Dr. C. R. Wilson, having returned from leave, had taken over charge of the office of Treasurer from Mr. Macfarlane. 3. That Mr. E. P. Stebbing had been appointed to serve on the Library and Library Catalogue Committees, and Mr. I. H. Burkill on the Library Committee of the Society during the present year. 4. That the Council had appointed Pandit Asutosh Tarkatirtha as the Resident Pandit attached to the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts, in the place of Pandit Hari Kishore Goswami, resigned. 5. That the Council had decided that the Members of the Bombay, Madras, Ceylon, and Singapore Branches of the Royal Asiatic Society, when in Calcutta, should have the right of attending the Society's General Meetings. 6. That the Council had decided that the Secretaries of the various branches should be responsible for recording the discussions on papers, and they should decide whether the discussion, or what part of it, should be printed. 7. That in connection with the Scientific Lectures delivered in the Society's Hall, the Council had resolved that they could not undertake the business any further. 8. That the Council had further resolved that the system of trans- literation adopted by the Royal Asiatic Society should be also adopted by the Asiatic Society of Bengal. The General Secretary reported for confirmation by the General Meeting that the Hon. Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., I.C.S., had been elected President, vice the Hon. Mr. C. W. Bolton, C.S.I., I. C.S., resigned. The General Secretary reported the presentation of 2 gold, 6 silver, and 2 copper coins from the Honorary Secretary, Bombay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, found in the various districts in the Bombay Presidency. Mr. E. H. Walsh exhibited a collection of stone implements found in the Darjeeling district. The Natural History Secretary, Mr. Stebbing, exhibited specimens of the 61 and $ moths of Duomitus leuconotus, Walker, a species of 1903.] H. Beveridge — Jesuit Mission to Akbar. 123 the family Cossida3 which is to be found in Calcutta. Also coloured drawings of the larva, pupa, and moth, and a piece of the stem of Cassia nodosa, Ham., showing' on the inside the tunnels made in the wood by the larva and on the outside empty pupal cases, from which the moths had escaped, protruding from holes in the bark. Mr. Stebbing pointed out that the moths exhibited could be easily distinguished from a closely related species D. strix by the fact that the latter has a black thorax instead of the snowy white one present in the moths exhibited. The curious point about the moths exhibited was to be found in the relative size of the nr"i#TTf> n The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednes- day, the 2nd December, 1903, at 9 p.m. The Hon'ble Mr. A. Pedler, C.I.E., F.R.S., in the chair. The following members were present : — Dr. A. S. Allan, Mr. J. Bathgate, Mr. I. H. Burkill, Dr. A. Caddy, Mr. F. Doxey, Mr. T. D. Edelston, Revd. E. Francotte, S. J,, Mr. T. H. Holland, Mr. D. Hooper, Mr. H. E. Kempthorne, Mr. W. A. Lee, Mr. J. Macfarlane, Dr. M. M. Masoom, Mr. W. H. Miles, Mr. C. W. McMinn, Major D. Piain, I.M.S., Pandit Yogesa Chandra Sastree, Dr. C. Schulten, Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhushan, Mr. D. R. Wallace, Dr. C. R. Wilson, Mr. J. Wyness. Visitors .—Dr. F. Alffers, Syed Ameer Ali, Mr. C. Anninos, Mias Devereux, Mr. W. Dods, Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Giannacopolo, Mr. and Mrs. N. Giannacopolo, Mr. V. H. Jackson, Mrs. Kempthorne, Mr. H. D. Lindquist, Mr. J. W. Meares, Mr. H. K. Scott, Mr. E. D. Zalichi. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Forty- four presentations were announced. It was announced that Mr. A. B. Miller had expressed a wish to withdraw from the Society. The Chairman announced : — 1. That Dr. E. D. Ross had kindly undertaken to carry on the duties of the Philological Secretary of the Society during the absence of Dr. T. Bloch, on tour. 132 Exhibitions. [DlC, 2. That Captain L. Rogers, I. M. S., had been appointed Natural History Secretary of the Society, vice Mr. E. P. Stebbing, resigned. 3. That Dr. E. D. Ross had been appointed Anthropological Secre- tary of the Society, vice Mr. E. H. C. Walsh, resigned. Mr. T. H. Holland exhibited a meteorite which fell with the me- teor seen in Eastern Bengal on October 22nd. The stone weighs 622 grammes and is covered with a thin black crust formed by the fusion of the rock during its rapid flight through the air. Several stones were known to have fallen with this meteor, and the complete investment with fused crust of the one exhibited shows that fusion of the surface occurred after the break-up of the meteorite. Besides the complete proof that the meteor resulted in an actual fall of stones, special interest attaches to this occurrence on account of the observations made from so many points of view, permitting Mr. Little to calculate its actual path and speed. Mr. T. H. Holland also exhibited some crushing mills used by ancient gold miners in Chota Nagpur. Grooved stones and ground pebbles occur by the thousand in the jungles of Singhbhum district, where apparently they were used by a past and unknown generation of gold miners. The rounded pebbles and the larger grooved stones appear to have performed the functions res- pectively of pestle and mortar, although nothing of the kind is now known in use, and no tradition is known locally of the work done by the people of the past. Judging by the great numbers of these stones in Singhbhum, prospecting operations must have been carried on on a large scale ; but, like the miners who attempted to boom this area 12 years ago, the ancient workers did not apparently obtain sufficient inducement to develop deep workings. Mr. E. Vredenburg, of the Geological Survey, exhibited speci- mens of sodalite from Kishengarh, having an unexplained property of changing its colour. The sodalite was obtained in Kishengarh, Rajputana, with the comparatively rare group of rocks known as eleolite-syenites. Besides the deep-blue and usual variety of sodalite, one form when freshly broken has a carmine colour. The carmine colour, for some unexplain- ed reason, disappears after a few seconds' exposure to direct sunlight, or after a few minutes in a bright electric light, recovering its colour again when kept in darkness for about a fortnight. Whilst the fading of coloured minerals is rare, the recovery of colour in this way is without 1903T] H. Beveridge— On *7s0 ££fl«. 133 parallel amongst minerals ; and, in view of the fact that the association is just that of the rarer earths, it is not unnatural to suspect the exis- tence of some phenomenon akin to the forms of fluorescence and radio- activity which have recently attracted so much attention. The General Secretary exhibited a spiral ring dug up at Alladand in Swat by a burial party, received from Major S. H. Godfrey, I. A., Political Agent, Dir, Swat, and Chitral. The chief interest of this ring appears to lie in the story current among the people that the idol worshippers who were displaced by the Muhammadans wore similar rings, and the legend that the Kafirs of Kafiristan are the direct descendants of the former inhabitants of Swat. The women of Kafiristan to this day wear iron coil ornaments on their headdress of the shape of this gold plated spiral ring. It has been somewhat damaged by incisions doubtless made at the time it was exhumed to ascertain whether the gold was solid. The following papers were read : — 1. On lIsa &han, the ruler of Bhatl in the time at Akbar. — By H. Beveridge, I.C.S. (retired). (Abstract.) The history of *Isa Khan has already been noticed by Dr. Wise in his valuable account of the Bara Bhuyas of Eastern Bengal publish- ed in 1874. The object of Mr. Beveridge's present paper is to add some particulars about 'Isa Khan taken from the third volume of the Akbarnama a source not directly consulted by Dr. "Wise. The Akbar- nama it may be observed appears to have been written after the Ain, for in the Ain, 'Isa is incorrectly called 'Isa Afghan, whereas the Akbarnama, agreeing with the family tradition as reported by Dr. Wise, correctly states that 'Isa's father was a Rajput of Baiswara in Oudh whose name was Kail Das Gajdani. In the reign of Salim Shah, the son of Sher Shah, Kali Das who had settled in the fluviatile region of Bengal, rebelled, and was eventually by stratagem made prisoner and put to death. According to the family tradition Kali Das became a Mu^am- madan before his death and received the title of Sulaiman Khan. But this cannot have been the case as his two sons 'Isa and Ishmael were sold as slaves and carried off into Central Asia. On the death of Salim Shah, in 1554, their uncle, after much searching, found them and brought them back to Bengal. Isa by his ability and prudence rose to be the chief of the bard, bhuyas or twelve zemindars of Bengal. Ruler of Bhati, he professed submission the higher rulers of Ben- 134 W. Irvine— The Later Mughals (1707-1803). [Dec. gal, Sulaiman Kararani and Daud ; but he had the good sense to keep aloof from them. Bhati seems roughly to correspond with the dis- tricts of Dacca and Maimansingh. Khizrpur on the Ganges is des- cribed as the thoroughfare to and from Bhati. Sonargaon and Agara Sindur on the old Brahmaputra were important cities. 'Isa's resi- dence is said to have been at the populous city of Katrabuh which may be identified with Katibarl near Rabhar in the Manikganj sub-division where there is still a tappa called Kathorabo. Abul Fazl describes in detail the campaigns of the imperial general Shahbaz Khan against 'Isa in 1584 and 1585. There are also some nine other references to 'Isa in the third volume of the Akbarnama, and we are told more than once of his making submission and sending presents. But he was never really subdued. His swamps and creeks enabled him to preserve his independence as effectually as the Aravalli Hills protected Rana Pratap of Udaipiir. 'Isa's death took place in 1599-1600 in the 44th year of Akbar's reign. His son Daud, according to Abul Fazl, gave Man Singh some trouble. Ralph Fitch who was at Sonargaon about 1586 mentions 'Isa Khan as ' the chief king of all these countries, ' and ' a great friend to Christians. * Mr. Gait in his paper on the Koch kings of Kamriip, published by the Society in 1893, tells us that Rajah Nar Narayan of Kuch Bihar conferred with the Em- peror Akbar to attack ' the Gaur Pasha ' who was defeated and had to fly to the Faringhis. Mr. Beveridge suggests that ' the Gaur Pasha ' of the Kuch Bihar records is *Isa Khan. 2. Noviciaa Indices XXI. — An undescribed Indian Musa — By D. Prain. (Abstract.) Three years ago, a native collector in the service of the Royal Botanic Garden, Shibpur, sent to Calcutta the rootstocks of a Musa from the Jaboca Naga country. The plant has thriven well and has recently flowered. It proves to be a new species, belonging to the section Eumusa, and is now described under the name Musa nagensium. 3. The Later Mughals (1707-1803).— By Willtam Irvine, I.C.S., (retired). (Abstract.) Mr. Irvine's paper is a continuation of his previous contributions on the subject of the Later Mughals which have been published in the Society's Journal, Part I, in 1896, 1898, and 1903. It completes the story of the reign of the worthless Farrukhsiyar and shows how his various ill-conceived ill-executed attempts to free himself from the two 1903.] W. Irvine— The Later Mugkals (1707-1803). 135 Sayyads recoiled on his own head and led to his deposition and death. The narrative extends to twenty-three carefully written sections. Undeterred by the failure of his plot to get Husain 'AH destroyed by Daud Khan in 1715, a piece of treachery which the two Sayyad brothers never forgot or forgave, Farrukhsiyar continued to intrigue against them with every likely person he could think of. But as he was at once suspicious and faithless he failed to rally anyone of any im- portance to his side. It was probably by the emperor's orders that his favourite Mir Jumlah ventured to return to Delhi in 1716, but, when the wazlr Qutbu-1-mulk remonstrated, the emperor took fright and sent peremptory orders to Mir Jumlah to withdraw to Lahor. Mir Jumlah'a troops were then secretly encouraged to mutiny in the hope that they might attack Qutbu-1-mulk, but as this plot too failed to take effect, the emperor professed to be very angry with Mir Jumlah, deprived him of all his titles and offices, and forced him to leave for Lahor at once. It occurred to Farrukhsiyar that it had been a mistake to remove all the old officials, who would have furnished a useful counter- poise to the overwhelming influence of the Sayyads. In this view he reappointed * Inayatullah Khan on his return from Makka diwan of the Jcho'lesah and the tan and also governor of Kashmir. ' Inayatullah 's attempts to reform the Treasury only annoyed the wazlr who was lazy and slack, and the corrupt Hindu officials who were enriching them- selves with his connivance. The new dlwdn made himself particularly unpopular by reimposing the jazlyah and by reviving the rules of 'JLlam- gir. In the same way other officials of the old school were appointed to various positions of trust, but it was soon clear to the emperor that they would be no sufficient counterpoise to the power of the wazlr. Farrukhsiyar now changed his plans and made what was perhaps the greatest mistake of his life. He chose a new favourite Muhammad Murad, Kashmiri, I'tiqad Khan, whom he loaded with honours and clung to as the right man for any desperate undertaking. The sudden elevation of Murad gave offence to f riends and foes alike and was one source of strength to the emperor, for Murad was a braggart and a coward and afraid to take any steps against the wazlr. Under the advice of I'tiqad Khan the emperor had recourse to Sarbuland Khan, who did not consider it worth his while to attack Qutbu-1-Mulk unless he became wazlr instead ; then to Ajit Singh, who at once went over to the opposite side ; and then to Nizamu-1-mulk who suggested the re- call of his cousin Muhammad Amin Khan. At last the patience of the Sayyad brothers gave way. Husain 'All 136 D. Prain — An undescribed Araliaceoua genus. [Dec, returned to Delhi and the Sayyad adherents took possession of the place. They expected that Farrukhsiyar would now be a mere puppet in their hands. But Farrukhsiyar was obstinate and refused to move according to their directions. There was nothing for it but to depose Farukhsiyar and bring out one of the imprisoned scions of the house of Taimur and place him on the throne. Accordingly on February 28th, 1719, Rafi'u-d-darajat, the youngest of the three sons of Rafi'u- sh-shan, was taken just as he was found in his ordinary clothes with a string of pearls round his neck, and was seated straightway by the wazir and Ajit Singh on the jewelled peacock throne in the diwan~i~lGm. Farrukhsiyar was seized, blinded and imprisoned in the room over the Tirpoliya or triple gate within the fortress. After an imprisonment of two months, during which he seems to have been treated with unneces- sary harshness, he was put to death on the night of April 27th, 1719. Mr. Irvine cannot hold it wrong to have removed from power such a worthless thing as Farrukhsiyar. Nor does he think that the Sayyads were specially to blame for blinding him, which was the usage of the day. He condemns the excessive strictness of the confinement and the execution. The most prominent element in Farrukhsiyar's character was weakness. He was strong neither for evil nor for good. He might have shown himself amiable and inoffensive, leaving his powerful minis- ters to take their own course. He might have got rid of them at the earliest possible moment after his accession, following the example of many of his illustrious predecessors. But Farrukhsiyar was not morally strong enough to do anything decisive. Consequently for seven years the Government was in a condition of unstable equilibrium. In private life he was profuse and liberal, which made him the darling of the lower orders. He loved fine clothes and good horses. He was passion- ately fond of wrestling, archery, horsemanship, hunting, polo-playing, and other soldierly exercises, and was physically a fine man. Mr. Irvine believes that the date of his birth was the 19th Ramazan, 1094 H. He proclaimed himself emperor at Patna on the 29th Safar, 1124 H. or March 6th, 1712. The only well-known edifice constructed in his reign was a third arch of marble to the mosque at the Qntb, added in 1130 H. 4. Noviciae Indicae XXII. An undescribed Araliaceous genus from Upper Burma — By D. Prain. (Abstract.) Among the plants obtained by a native collector of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, while working in the Kachin Hills under the kind supervision of Lieutenant Cruddas, S.C., Commandant of the Military 1903.] D. Prain — An undescribed Araliaceous genus. 137 Police Battalion at Myitkyina, one of the most striking is a hitherto nncharacterised Araliacen plant which cannot be referred to any known genns of the order. It is accordingly made the type of a new genus Woodbumia, dedicated to the memory of our lamented former President, H.H. Sir John Woodburn, K. C.S.I. The species W. floribunda exhibits the character, unusual in the order, of having simple umbels, and has the further unusual feature of remarkably large flowers. INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS, ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL for 1903. Page. Abul Aas (Maulavi Syed) ... 63 Abdul Alim ... ■•• 28 Abdul Wall (Maulavi) 59, 100 AbdurRahim ... '"J™ Abdur Rahman (A.F.M.) ... 121 Adamson(Lieut.-Col.C.H.E.)H5 Agencies ... ••• Ahmad (Maulavi) »■ DD Alladand, spiral ring dug up ... 123 at... ••• Allan (Dr. A. 8.) •» *jj Annual Address - ib 5? Meeting ••• * n Report... Anthropological photographs 64, 116 Secretary, election of 27 Bain (Lieut.-Col. D. S. B.) 56 Barclay Memorial Medal ... lj> Bathgate (J.) ... 27' 56 Beetles and grubs, Jute rope attacked by ... ••■ Beveridge(H.). 123, 133 Bhattacharyya(CharuChaiv j \ ... H6 dra) - - Bibliotheca Indica ••• «» Bloch(T.) 27,55,56 91, 31 Bolton (Hon. Mr. C.W.) 27, 122 Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 92, Bose (Rai Chuni Lai) Bourdillon (Hon. Sir J. A. )... British Association for the Advancement of Science 64, Burkill (I. H.) 27, 56, 97, Caddy (A.) Caddy (A. E.) ... Caterpillars, live Cave, photograph of a Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Chakravarti (Monmohan) ... Chalsa, dagger found near... Chatter ji (Rampoda) Chota Nagpur, mills used by ancient gold miners in ... Clania prox, crameri Coin Cabinet ... Coins Committee, election of presentation of 28, " 64, 92, Colville (W. B.) Congress of Orientalists, Hamburg Connan(W.) ... ••• Copleston (Rt. Rev. Dr. R. b.) Council Members, election of Page. 122 28 56 116 122 27 64 98 28 122 118 56 92 122 116 13 56 122 121 67 64 121 27 140 Index. Page. Cowell (Prof. E. B.) ... 51 Dagger found near Chalsa... 56 Darjiling district, stone im- plements found in the ... 122 Das (Bhawan) ... ... 28 Das (Jamini Mohan) ... 108 De (HariNath)... ... 97 Death of members 28, 51, 64, 115, 121 Dey (Nundo Lall) ... 103 Discussion on papers ... 122 Doyal (Parmeshwar) ... 75 Drake-Brockman (Major H.E.) 28 Duomitus leuconotus, Walker 122 Dutt (Girindranath) ... 59 Economic Entomology ... 76 Edelston (T. D.) ... 121 Edwards, (W. N.) 91, 89 Election of members 28, 51, 63, 91, 97, 105, 115, 121 Elliott Prize for Scientific Re- search 15, 105 Exchange of Publications ... 8 Faggot worm from Miraj ... 97 Faunthorpe (J. C). ... 121 Finance ... ... 3 „ and Visitiug Com- mittee, election of 55 Gage (Capt. A. T.) ... 51 Gait (E. A.) ... 27, 55, 56, 122 Gamble (J. S.) ... ... 99 Gastrell (Generel J. E.) ... 28 Ghosha (Pratap Chandra) ... 56 Gochi (Ekai Kawa) .., 118 Godfrey (Major S. H.) ... 133 Gordon, (Rev. E. M.) ... 128 Goswami (Harikishore) ... 122 Grierson (G. A.) ... 125 Gurdon (Major P. R. T.) ... 99 Hahn (Rev. F.) ... 31 Page. Hamburg, Congress of Orien- talists. ... ... 67 Harris (Lt.-Col. G. F. A.) ... 91 Hendley (Col. T. H.) 27, 63, 64 Hill stations, meteorological observations at ... 93 Holland (T. H.) 64, 106, 116, 132 Honorary Members, death of 51 Hooper (D.) ... 56, 96, 103 Hosein Khan (M. M.) ... 121 Hughes-Buller (R.) ... 29 Indian Museum ... 3 Indo-Aryan Language, pros- thetic g in an ,.. 125 Insects ... ... 106 International Catalogue of Scientific Literature ... 7 Irvine (W.) ... 134 Ito (Prof. C.) ... ... 121 Joint Philological Secretary, election of ... ... 27 Journal, Part 1, report on ... 11 „ ,, II, report on ... 11 „ „ III, report on ... 13 Jute rope attacked by beetles and grubs ... ... 98 Kempthorne (H. E.) 27, 56 King (Sir George) ... 99 King(L.W.) ... ... 91 Kishengarh, sodalite from ... 132 La Touche (T. H. D.) ... 27 Lefroy (H. M.) ... 105 Library, additions to the ... 32 „ Committee, election of 56 ,, open to members on Sundays ... 116 „ report on ... 7 Life Member, death of a ... 28 Little (C.) 75, 93, 112, 118 Macfarlane (J.) 27, 116, 122 Index. 141 Page. Madras Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society ... 122 Mahomed Gilani (Shaikh) ... 56 Maliah (Kumar Ramessur) ... 27 Mann (H. H.)... 56, 89 Masoom (Dr. M. M.) ... 115 Max Muller Memorial Fund 8 McLeod (Lieut.) ... 28 McMhm(C.W.) ... 56 Members, death of 28,51,64, 115, 121 „ election of 28, 51, 63, 91, 97, 105, 115, 121 „ list of ... ... 2 ,, of Council, election of 27 „ withdrawal of 28, 51, 64, 91, 115, 121, 13L Memorial Fnnd to Dr. R. Rost. 66 Meteorite ... ... 132 Meteorological Observations at Hill stations ... 93 Miller (A. B.) ... ... 131 Mills used by ancient gold miners in Chota Nagpur 132 Miraj, faggot worm from ... 97 Mitra (J. 0.) ... ... 51 Monthly General Meetings 27,51,63,91,97,105,115, 121, 131 Moore (Rev. H. O.) ... 91 Mukerjee (Panchanan) ... 56 Mukhopadhyaya (Hon. Dr. Asutosh) 27, 51, 56, 92, 116, 122 Mukhopadhyaya (Mahendra Nath. 116 Natural History Secretary, election of ... ... 27 Noetling (F.) ... ... 121 Obituary ... ... 51 Page. Oldham (R. D.) ... 27 O'Malley (L. S. S.) ... 30 Papers, discussion on ... 122 „ read :— 30, 31, 56, 59, 75, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 108, 109, 111,112, 113, 118, 119, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 133, 134, 136 Pargiter, (Hon. Mr. Justice F. E.) 63, 106, 116, 122 Pandran, photograph of a cave at 28 Peal (H. W.) ... ... 31 Pedler(A.) ... ... 27 Phillott (Major D. C.) ... 56 Philological Committee, elec- tion of ... 56 ,, Secretary, elec- tion of ... 27 Plants, Sundribun ... 107 Prain (D.) 89, 107, 124, 134, 136 Premises of the Society, pro- posed sale of the ... 8 Presentations 27, 51, 63, 91, 97, 105, 115, 121, 131 President, election of ... 27 Proceedings, report on ... 10 Prosthetic g in an Indo- Aryan Language ... 125 Publications ... ... 9 Rai (Jamiat) 102, 111, 113 Ranking (Lieut.-Col. G.) ... 28 Re- organization of the Socie- ty, proposed ... 8 Risley (H. H.) 27, 55 Rogers (C. G.) ... 51 Rogers (Capt. L.) 27, 55, 132 Ross (E. D.) 27, 56, 91, 106, 131, 132 142 Index. Ross (Major Ronald) Rost (Dr. R.), Memorial to Roy (Maharaja Jagadindra Nath) Samasrami (Satjavrata) ... Sanskrit Manuscripts, search for Sastree, (Yogesa Chandra) Scientific lectures 116, Scott (Lieut. B.) Sculptures, photographs of Secretaries and Treasurer 9, Seth(M.J.) ... Shaun (M. Churchill) Shastri (Haraprasad) 27, 51, 55, Singapore Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Singh (Ram Din) Sinha (Harimohan) Simpson (J. Hope) Sodalite from Kishengarh ... Spiral ring dug up at Alla- dand Stebbing (E. P.) 55, 63, 76, 90, 94, 98, 101, 106, 109, 116, 119, 122, 126, Stokes (SirG. G.) Page. Page. 15 Stone Implements found in 66 the Darjeeling district ... 122 Sunder (D.) ... 102, 103 105 Sundribun plants 107 56 Tarkalankara (Chandra- kanta.) 56 15 Tarkatirtha (Asutosh) J22 92 Thibaut (Dr. G.) 56 122 Thornton (E.) ... 56 28 Thurston (E.) ... 56 Transliteration, system of ... 122 64 Tyson (J. T.) ... 56 27 United Provinces of Agra 56 and Oudh Government, 63 coins presented by 28, 64, 92 Vasu (Nagendra Nath) 56 56 Venis (A.) 56 Vice-Presidents, election of 27 122 Vidyabhushan (Satis Chan- 115 dra) 56 31 Vredenburg (E.) 132 121 Walsh (E.H.) 118,122,124, 132 129, 132 Walton (Capt. J.) 30 133 ! 1 Wilson (C. R.) 27, 92, Withdrawal of members 28, 122 51, 64, 91, 115, 121, 131 132 i Wood (E. S.) ... 121 51 I Wright (H. N.) 56 Library. The following books have been added to the Library during the half year ended 30th June, 1903 :— Abinas Chandra Das. The Vaisya Caste, etc. Calcutta, 1903, etc. 8 . In progress. . Presd. by the Author. Asutosh Mukhopadhyay. The Law of Perpetuities in British India Calcutta, 1902. 8°. Tagore Law Lectures, 1898. Presd. by the Calcutta University. BalgObind. The Life of Raja Sir Shamshere Prakash, G.C.S.I., of Simour. [With a portrait.] Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Bamber (M. Kelway). Report on Ceylon Tea Soils and their effects on the quality of tea. Calcutta, 1900. 8°. Blanford (W. T.) Notes on Mr. W. M. Daly's Collection of Land and Fresh- water Mollusca from Siara. [London, 1903.] 8°. From the Proceedings of the Malacological Society. Presd. by the Author. Bower (A. G.) The Family History of the Bansberia Raj. Edited by A. G. Bower. Calcutta, 1896. 8°. Presd. by Eajah Satindra Deb Bai Mahashaya. British Museum. (Natural History). Handbook of Instructions for Collectors, etc, London, 1902. 8°. . Report on the collections of Natural History made in the Antarctic Regions during the voyage of the " Southern Cross." London, 1902. 8°. . Guide to the Coral Gallery— Protozoa, Porifera or Sponges, Hydrozoa, and Anthozoa— in the... British Museum... With... illus- trations. [London,'] 1902. 8°. Presd. by the British Museum. Browne (Edward G.) A Literary History of Persia from the earliest times until Firdawsi. London, 1902. 8°. Biihler ( ) The Sukritasamkirtana of Arisimha. Translated... by E. K. Burgess, etc. Bombay, 1903. 4°. Reprinted from the Indian Antiquary. Presd. by Br. J. Burgess. Busteed (H. E.) Echoes from Old Calcutta : being chiefly reminis- cences of the days of Warren Hastings, Francis and Impey... Third edition. Calcutta, 1897. 8°. Collett {Colonel Sir Henry), Flora Simlensis. A handbook of the flowering plants of Simla and the neighbourhood... With an intro- duction by W. B. Hemsley... illustrations... and a map. London, 1902. 8°. Congres International des Etudes d'Extreme-Orient. Compte rendu analytique des seances. Hanoi, 1903. 4°. Presd. by the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient. Saigon. Cranenburgh (D. E.) The Calcutta Municipal Act, being Ben. Act III of 1899, with a digest of rulings under the Repealed Act and a copious index. By D. E. Cranenburgh. Calcutta, 1900. 8°. Crawford {Lieut. -Col. D. G.) A Brief History of the Hughli District. Calcutta, 1903. 4\ Presd. by the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal. Daljit Singh, Sirdar. Srimad Edward Raj Abhikhek. The Corona- tion of the Emperor Edward VII. A Gurmukhi poem set to music with an English translation. Lahore, 1902. 8°. Presd. by the Author. Ernest (R.) Buddhism and Science.. Rangoon. [ ] 8° Presd. by the Author. Ferrars (Max.) and (Bertha). Burma... Second edition. London, 1901. 4° Presd. by the Government of Burma. Finn (Frank). How to know the Indian Ducks. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Flasch (Adam). Heinrich von Brunn. Gedachtnissrede, etc. Miin- chen, 1902. 4°. Presd. by the K. b. Akademie der Wissenshaften zu Munchen. The Gazetteer Of Sikhim. With an introduction by H. H. Risley. Edited in the Bengal Government Secretariat. Calcutta, 1894. 4°. Presd. by the Government of Bengal. Hill (S. Or) The Life of Claud Martin, Major-General in the Army of the Honourable East India Company. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Hirschfeld (Hartwig) New Researches into the Composition and exegesis of the Qoran. London, 1902. 4°. Asiatic Monographs, Vol. 3. Kalidasa. The Raghuvan 9a... Translated by P. De Lacy Johnstone. London, 1902. 8°. Presd. by the Translator. Koto (B.) and Kanazawa (S.) A Catalogue of the romanized geo- graphical names of Korea. [Tokyo, 1903.] 8°. Presd. by the Tokyo Imperial University. Linglim Letchmajee. An Introduction to the Grammar of the Kui or Kandh language... Second edition. Revised and corrected. Calcutta, 1902. 8°. Presd. by the Government of Bengal. Mukerji (S. 0.) A short account of the Sudramani Rajas... Re vised by A. B. Wann...With illustrations by Major G. E. Weigall... With a note on the temple of Hamsesvari by P. C. Mookerji... Second edition. [Calcutta,] 1902. 8°. Presd. by Rajah Satindra Deb Bai Mahashaya. Murdoch (John) The Call of the Twentieth Century to Awakened India, etc. Madras, 1902. 8°. . Suggested Triad of Coronation boons to India... A letter, etc. Madras, 1903. 8°. Presd. by the Author. Nidhaml-i-'Arudi-i-Samarqandl. The Chahar Maqala... Translated... by Edward G. Browne. Hertford, 1899. 8°. Reprinted from the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Nishikanta Chattopadhyaya. Mricchakatika *?^«f?*T...A Study Mysore, 1902. 8°. — . Reminiscences of the late Justice Ranade. A lecture, etc [Mysore, 1901.] 8°. — . Some Reminisceuces of Old England. A lecture, etc. [Mysore, 1902.] 8°. — . The Study of History. A lecture, etc. [Mysore, 1902.] 8°. — . The True Theosophist. A lecture, etc. [Mysore, 1892.] 8*. Presd. by the Author, Nitya Gopal Mukerji. Handbook of Indian Agriculture. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Ponder (C. F.) and Hooper (D.) An Introduction to Materia Medica for India, etc. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Praphulla Chandra Ray. A History of Hindu Chemistry, etc. Cal- cutta, 1902, etc. 4D. In progress. Ross (E Denison) and Browne (Edward G.) Catalogue of two Collections of Persian and Arabic manuscripts preserved in the India Office Library. London, 1902. 8°. Presd. by the Government of Bengal. Royal Asiatic Society. A Catalogue of South Indian Sanskrit Manu- scripts— especially those of the Whish Collection — ...Compiled by Dr. M. Winternitz...With an appendix by F. W. Thomas. London. 1902. 8°. One of the " Asiatic Society Monographs." Sarat Chandra Das. A Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms. ..Revised and Edited. ..By Graham Sandberg...and A. William Heyde. Calcutta, 1902. 4°. Presd. by the Government of Bengal. Sarat Chandra Mitra. Note on the Sword-blade Vow and Bihari Folk-tales of the " Man und Fuchs " Type. Two papers, etc. Bom- bay, 1902. 8°. From the Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay. Presd. by the Author, Seward (A. C.) and Arber (E. A. N.) Les Nipadites des couches eocenes de la Belgique. Bruxelles, 1903. 4° Extrait des Mem. da Musee roy. d'Hist. Nat. de Belgique. Presd. by the Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique. Sharpe (Wm.) The Dual Image. A Mystical poem of life. Revised edition. London, 1902. 8°. Presd. by the Author. . . Ideal Gods, and other essays and poems, etc. London, 1900. 8°. Presd. by the Author- Teixeira (Pedro). The Tiavels of Pedro Teixeiia : with his » Kings " of Harmuz " and extracts from his " Kings of Persia." Translat- ed...by W. F. Sinclair.. .With introduction by D, Ferguson. London, 1902. 8°. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, Ser. II, No- 9- Presd. by the Government of India, Home Dept. Tilly (Harry L-) Glass Mosaics of Burma. With photographs. Ran- goon, 1901. fol. U Gaung. Translation of a Digest of the Burmese Buddhist Law concerning inheritance and marriages... Compared and arranged under the supervision of U Gaung, etc. Vol. I. Inheritance. Rangoon, 1902. 4°. Presd. by the Government of Burma, Vaughan (General Sir John L.) A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Pushtu language... Second edition. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Vidyaranya Swami, Sreemut. A Handbook of Hindu Pantheism. The Panchadasi... Translated with copious annotations by Nandalal Dhole... Second edition. 2 vols. Calcutta, 1899, etc. 8°. Wilkins (W. J.) Modern Hinduism : an account of the religion and life of the Hindus in Northern India. Second edition, London, [1900] 8°. J^IBRARY. The following books have been added to the Library during the months of July and August 1903 : — Abu Othman Amr Ibn Bahr Al-djahiz Basrensis. Tria Opuscula auctore Abu Othman Amr Ibn Bahr Al-djahiz Basrensi quae edidit G. van Vloten. Lugduni Batavorum, 1903. 8°. Presd. by the University of Leyden. Albemarle, Earl of. The Albemarle Papers. Being the correspon- dence of William Anne, Second Earl of Albemarle . . . With an appendix of letters from Andrew Fletcher, Lord Justice-Clerk, to the Duke of Newcastle, 1746-1748. Edited with introduction . . . by C. S. Terry. 2 vols. Aberdeen, 1902. 4°. Aberdeen University Studies, No. 7. Anderson (Peter John) Rectorial Addresses delivered in the Uni- versities of Aberdeen, 1835-1900. Aberdeen, 1902. 4°. Aberdeen University Studies, No. 6. Presd. by the Aberdeen University. Appaya Dlkshita. Kuvalayananda Karikas or the Memorial verses of Appaya Dikshita's Kuvalayananda. Edited and explained with an English tika commentary and translation ... by P. R. Subral?- manya Sarma. Calcutta, 1903. 8°. Presd. by the Editor. Bharata-Yuddha. Oudjavaansch— Heldendicht uitgegeven door Dr. J. G. H. Gunning. [Text] 's-Gravenhage, 1903. 4°. Presd. by the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land-en Volken- hunde van Nederlandsch Indie. British Museum. Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the British Museum. By C. Bendall. London, 1902. 4°. Presd. by the Trustees of the British Museum. Castanhoso (Miguel de) The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543 . A . With some contemporary letters, the short account of Bermudez, aud certain extracts from Correa. Translated and edited by R. S. Whiteway. [With a bibliography of Abyssinia.] London, 1902. 8°. Hakluyt Society's Publication, 2nd Series, No 10. Presd. by the Government of India, Borne Department. Garrett (A.) Notes on the Caves of Udayagiri and Khandgiri. [Calcutta, 1902.] Fol. Presd. by the Government of Bengal. Gbulam Husain Khan, Sayid. A Translation of the Seir Mutaqherin : or Viewpf modern times, being an history of India from the year 1118 to the year 1194 ... of the Hedjrah ; containing the reigns of the seven last Emperors of Hindustan, and ... an account of the English Wars in Bengal . . . down to the year 1783, etc. [Trans- lated by — Raymond, afterwards called Haji Mustafa.] 4 vols. Calcutta, [1902.] 8°. Hoffmann (Rev. J.) Mundari Grammar. Calcutta, 1903. 8°. Presd. by the Government of Bengal. Jackson (Lieut. R. P.) Historical Records of the XIII Madras Infan- try. [London,] 1898. 8°. Presd. by the XIII Madras Infantry. Muralidhur Roy. Sree Krishna, etc. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Presd. by the Author. Newman (W.) & Co. Newman's Guide to Darjeeling and its surround- ings, . . . With a chapter on Tibet and the Tibetans. Illustrated. Calcutta, 1900. 8°. Polo (Marco.) The Book of Ser Marco Polo . . . translated and edited ... by Col. Henry Yule . . . Third edition, revised throughout ... by Henri Cordier, etc. 2 vols. London, 1903. 8°. Pratt (H. S.) Monograph on Ivory Carving in Burma. (With a plate.] Rangoon, 1901. 8°. Rajacekhara. Raja-fekhara's Karpura-mafijari. A drama . . . edited in the original Prakrit, with a glossarial index, and an essay on the life and writings of the poet by S. Konow . . . Transla- ted into English with notes by C. R. Lanman. Cambridge, Mass. 1901. 8°. Harvard Oriental Series, vol. IV. Presd. by the Harvard University. Rammohun Roy, Raja. The English Works of Raja Rammohnn Roy. Edited by Jogendra Chunder Ghose. 3 vols. Calcutta, 1901. 8°. Ranade (M. G.) Rise of the Maratha Power. Bombay, 1900. 8°. Stebbing (E. P.) A note on the Sandal wood boring insects of Madras. Calcutta, 1903, 8°. 3 Stebbing (E. P.) Insect pests of the Sugarcane in India. [Calcutta, 1903.] 8°. Extract from Indian Museum Notes, vol. V, No. 3. Presd. by the Author. Yule {Col. Henry) and Burnell (A. C.) Hobson-Jobson : a glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases . . . New edition, edited by W. Crooke. London, 1903. 8°. Zoological Society Of London. Catalogue of the Library of the Zoological Society of London. Fifth edition. London, 1902. 8°. Presd. by the Zoological Society of London. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. Pn the 3ist JDecember, 1902. LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF COUNCIL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL FOR THE YEAR 190*. President : The Hon'ble Mr. C. W. Bolton, C.S.I., I.O.S. Vice-Presidents : H. H. Risley, Esq., B.A., CLE., LC.S. Colonel T. H. Hendley, CLE., IMS. R. D. Oldham, Esq., A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Secretary and Treasurer. Honorary General Secretary : J. Macfarlane, Esq. Treasurer : Captain A. F. McArdle, I.M.S., succeeded by Mr. C R. Wilson, M.A., D. Litt, Additional Secretaries, Philological Secretary : T. Bloch, Esq., Ph.D., succeeded by Dr. E. D. Ross. Natural History Secretary : F. Finn, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. Anthropological Secretary : E. A. Gait, Esq., LC.S. Joint Philological Secretary : Mahamahopadhyaya Hara- prasad Shastri, M.A. Other Members of Council. Major A. Alcock, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S. J. D. Nirnnio, Esq. C. L. Griesbach, Esq., F.G.S., CLE. A. Pedler, Esq., F.R.S. J. Bathgate, Esq. T. H. D. La Touche, Esq., B.A. Captain L. Rogers, M.D., B.Sc, I.M.S. Kumar Ramessur Maliah. Arnold Caddy, Esq., M.D., F.R.C.S. LIST OF ORDINARY MEMBERS R. = Resident. N.R. = Non-Resident. A. = Absent. N.S. = Non-Subscribiu L.M. = Life Member. F.M. = Foreign Member. N.B. — Members who have changed their residence since the list was drawn up are requested to give intimation of snch a change to the Honorary General Secretary, in order that the necessary alteration may be made in the subsequent edition. Errors or omissions in the following list should also be communicated to the Honorary General Secretary. Members who are about to leave India and do not intend to return are parti- cularly requested to notify to the Honorary General Secretary whether it is their desire to continue Members of the Society ; otherwise, in accordance with Rule 40 of the Rules, their names will be removed from the list at the expiration of three years from the time of their leaving India. J J ate of Eleotiou. 1901 June 5. 1894Sept.27. 1895 May I. 1888 Feb. I. 1901 Aug. 7. 1888 April 4. 1888 Feb. 1. 1885 Mar. 4. J899Jan. 4. 1900 Aug. 1. JS74 Juno 3. l893Aug.31. 1884 Sept. 3. 1890 July 2. 1870 Feb. 2. 1901 Jan. 2. 1898 Nov. 2. 1891 Mar. 4. 1898 Aug. 3. 1891 April 1. 1900 Aug. 29. R. N.R. N.R. F.M. N.R. R. A. L.M. N.R. R. R. A. A. N.R. L.M. R, N.R. N.R. N.R. F.M R, Abdur Rahman, A. F. M., Barrister-at-Law. Cal- cutta. Abdul Wali, Maulvie. Ranchi. Abdus Salam, Maulvie, m.a. Cuttack. Adamson, Lieut. -Col. Charles Henry Ellison, S.C. Europe. Adams, Margaret. Baptist Zenana Mission. Delhi. Ahmud, Shams-ul-ulama Maulvie, Arabic Professor, Presidency College. Calcutta. Alcock, Major Alfred William, m.b., ll.d., c.t.e., f.r.s. Europe. Ali Bilgrami, Sayid, B.A., a.b.s.m., f.g.s. Hyderabad. Ali Hussain Khan, Nawab. Bopal. Allen, C. Gr. H., i.c.s. Calcutta. Amccr Ali, The Hon'ble Mr. Justice, m.a., c.i.e., Barrister-at-Law, Judge, High Court. Calcutta. Anderson, Major A. R. S., B.A., m.b., i.m.s. Europe. Anderson, J. A. Europe. Arnold, Thomas Walker, b.a., m.r.a.s. Lahore. Baden-Powell, Baden Henry, m.a., c.i.e. Europe. Badshah, K. J., b.a., i.c.s. Calcutta. Bailey, The Revd. Thomas Grahame, m.a., b.d. Wazirabad, Baillie, D. C, i.c.s. Ghazipur. Bain, Lieut.-Col. D. S.E., i.m.s. Mercara. Baker, Edward Charles Stuart. Europe. Baker, The Hon. Mr. E. N., c.s.i., i.c.s. Calcutta. Date of Election! 1889 Mly 1. 1896 Mar. 4. 1869 Dec. 1. 1885 Nov. 4. 1877 Jan. 17. 1898 Mar. 2. 1902 May 7. 1894 Sept. 27. 1898 May 4. 1895 July 3. 1876 Nov. 15. 1900 April 4. 1898 Nov. 2. 1859 Aug. 3. 1897 Feb. 3. 1893 Feb. 1. 1885 Mar. 4. 1895 July 1890 July 1897 June 2. 1895 Mar. 6. 1880 Nov. 3. 1895 April 3. 1860 Mar. 7. 1900 Aug. 1. 1901 Sept. 25. 1887 May 4. 1901 June 5. 1896 Jan. 8. 1900 May 2. 1898 Sept. 30. 1896 Jan. 8. 190 L Jan. 2. 1901 Mar. 6. 1895 July 3. 1890 June 4. 1901 Mar. 6. 1902 April 2. R. N.R. L.M. R. N.R. N.R. R. R. R. L.M. F.M. N.R. N.R. L.M. R. N.R. R. A. A. N.R. R. N.R. R. L.M. A. R. R. R. N.R. N.R. A. R. A. N.R. R. R. N.R. R. Banerji, The Hon. Mr. Justice Guru Das, M.A., d.l., Judge, High Court. Calcutta. Banerji, Satish Chandra, m.a. Allahabad. Barker, R. A., m.d. Europe, Barman, Damudar Das. Calcutta. Barman, H. H. The Maharaja Radha Kishor Dev. Tipper ah. Barnes, Herbert Charles, i.c.s. Shillong. Bartlett, E. W. J. Calcutta. Basu, Nagendra Natha. Calcutta. Bathgate, J. Calcutta. Beatson-Bell, Nicholas Dodd, b.a., i.c.s. Europe. Beveridge, Henry, I.C.S. (retired). Europe. Bingley, Major A. H., i.s.c. Simla. Black, Robert Greenhill. Sylhet. Blanford, William Thomas, ll.d., A.R.S.M., F.G.S., f.e.g.s., F.z.s., f.k.s. Europe. Bloch, Theodor, ph.d. Calcutta. Boddiug, The Revd. P. O. Rampore Haut. Bolton, The Hon. Mr. Charles Walter, c.s.i., i.c.s. Calcutta. Bonham-Carter, Norman, i.c.s. Europe. Bonnerjee, Womes Chunder, Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Europe. Bose, Annada Prasad, m.a. Uajshahi. Bose, Jagadis Chandra, m.a., d.sc., c i.e., Bengal Education Service. Calcutta. Bose, Pramatha Nath, b.sc, f.g.s. Geological Survey of India. Shillong. Bourdillon, The Hon. Mr. James Austin, c.s.i., i.c.s. Calcutta. Brandis, Sir Dietrich, k.c.i.e., ph.d., f.l.s., f.r.s. Europe. Brown, Major E. Harold, m.d., i.m.s. Europe. Buchanan, Major W. J., i.m.s. Calcutta. Bural, Nobin Chand, Solicitor. Calcutta. Burkill, I. H. Calcutta. Burn, Richard, i.c.s. Allahabad. Butcher, Flora, m.d. Palival. Cable, Eraest. Europe. Caddy, Dr. Arnold. Calcutta. Campbell, Duncan. Europe. Campbell, W. E. N., i.c.s. Mirzapur. Carlyle, Robert Warrand, c.i.e., i.c.s. Calcutta. Chakravati, Man Mohan, m.a., b.l. Deputy Magis- trate. Hooghly. Chakravarti, Manmatha Nath. Tamliik, Midnapur, Chandra, Raj Chander, Attorney-at-Law. Calcutta. Date of Election. 1901 June 5. 1894 Aug. 1. 1902 Aug. 27. 1893 Sept. 28 1899 Jan. 4. 1880 Aug. 26. 1889 Nov. 6. 1890 Dec. 1898 June 1876 Mar. 1901 June 3. 1. 1. 5. 1887 Auo-. 25. 1877- June 1895 July 1898 Aug. 26. 1873 Dec. 1896 Mar. 1901 Aug. 28. 1865 June 7. 1879 April 7. 1900 July 4. 1895 Sept. 19. 1902 Mar. 5. 1895 Dec. 4. 1893 Mar. 1. 1900 May 2. 1899Aus30. 1901 June 1902 Feb. 1898 Jan. 1902 July 1886 June 1902 Jan. 8. 1892 Sept. 22. 1889 Jan. 2. 1879 Feb. 5. 1892 Jan. 6. 1877 Aug. 30. 1892 Aug. 25. 1900 April 4. N.R. N.R. R. R. A. F.M. A. A. N.R. F.M. A. R. A. N.R. N.R. F.M. R. N.R. NR. N.R. N.R. N.R. R. N.R. A. N.R. N.R, N.R. N.R. F.M. R. R. N.R. R. N.R. N.R. N.R. R. R. A. Chapman, E. P., i.C.s. Mozuffarpore. Chatterjee, M. N. Patiala. Cbaudhuri, A., Barrister-at-Law. Calcutta. Chaudhuri, Banawari Lala, b.sc, Ediu. Calcutta. Clemow, Dr. Frank Gerard, M.D., Ediu. Europe. Clerk, Major-Genl. Malcolm G. Europe. Colville, William Brown. Europe. Connan, William, c.E. Europe. Cordier, Dr. Palmyr. Pondicherry. Crawfnrd, James, b.a., t.c.s. Europe. Crawfurd, Major D. G., ui.s. Europe. Criper, William Risdou, f.c.s., p i.e., a.u.s.m. Calcutta. Croft, Sir Alfred W., m.a., k.c.i.e. Europe. Cumming, Jobn Ghest, i.c.s. Patna. Cuppage, Captain W. A., i.s.c Dibrucjarh. Europe. Barris ter-at- La \v , Dames, Mansel Longworth, i.e. 8. Das-Gupta, Jogendia Nath, b.a. Calcutta. Das, Govinda. Benares. Das, Raja Jay Krishna, Bahadur, c.s.i. Moraclahad. Das, Ram Saran, ma., Secy., Oudh Commercial Bank, Limited. Fyzabad, Oudh. Das, Syam Sunder, b.a. Benares. De, Kiran Chandra, b.a,, i.c.s. Faridpur. Deb Raja Biuoy Krishna, Bahadur. Calcutta. Delmerick, Charles Swift. Budaon. Deussen, Dr. Paul. Europe. Dev, Raja Satindra, Rai Mahesaya. Bansberia. Dev, Raj Kumar Satchidanand, Bahadur. Deogarh, Sambalpur. Dey, Nundolal. Tamluk, Midnapur. Dixon, F. P., i.C.s. Balasore. Dods, W. K. Europe. Doxey, F. Calcutta. Doyle, Patrick, c.E.-, p.r.a.s., f.r.s.e., p.g.s., Cal- cutta. Drummond, J. R., i.c.s. Shahpur. Drury, Major Francis James, m.b. cutta. Dudgeon, Gerald Cecil, Holta Tea Co., Ld. Palam- pur. Duthie, J. F., b.a., f.l.s. Saharanpur. Dutt, Gerindra Nath. Bankipore. Dutt, Kedar Nath. Calcutta. Dutt, Rai Narsingh Chunder, Bahadur. Howrah. Dyson, Major Herbert Jekyl, f.r.cs., r.M.s. Europe. I.M.S. Cal- Date ol' Election. 1900 July 4. R. 1901 June 5. N.R. 1871 Dec. 2. A. 1900 Mar. 7. A. 1900 Aug. 29. A. 1901 Mar. 6 N.R. 1899 Jan. 4. A. 1894 Dec. 5. A. 1898Sept.30. R. 1892 May 4. A. 1902 April 2. N.R, 1900 Dec. 5. N.R, 1893 Jan. 11. R. 1902 May 7. N.R, 1899 Aug. 30. R, 1902 June 4. N.R. 1889 Jan. 2. R. 1902 Feb. 5. R. 1889 Mar. 6. R. 1869 Feb. 3. N.R. 1897 Dec. 6. A. 1861 Feb. 5. N.S. 1899 Aug. 2. R. 1896 Nov. 4. A. 1897 July. 7. N.R. 1876 Nov. 15. F.M. 1900 Dec. 5. L.M. 1901 April 3. N.R. 1898 June 1. N.R. 1898 April 6. N.R, 1898 Jan. 5. N.R. 1901 Mar. 6. N.R. 1892 Jan. 6. N.R. 1899 April 5. F.M. 1901 Jan. 2. R. 1884 Mar. 5. L.M. 1897 Feb.' 3. R. 1875 Mar. 3. R. Earle, A., r.c.s. Calcutta. Ede, Francis Josepb, c.E., a.m.i.c.e., f.g.S. Silchar, Cachar. Eliot, Sir John, m.a., k.c.i.e., f.r.s. Europe. Fansbawe, Sir Artbur Upton, C.S.I., k.c.i.e., i.c.s. Europe. Fansbawe, Tbe Hon. Mr. H. C, C.S.I., I.c.s. Europe. Fergusson, J. C. Hardoi, Oudh. Ferrar, Lieutenant, M. Ll., r.s.c. Europe. Finn, Frank, b.a., f.z.s. Europe. Firmiuger, The Revd. Walter K., m.a. Calcutta. Forrest, G. "W\, b.a. Europe. Fuller, The Hon'ble Mr. J. B., c.i.e. Shillong. Gabriel, E. V., i.c.s. Indore. Gait, Edward Albert, i.c.s. Calcutta. Garrett, A., i.c.s. Mozujfarpore. Garth, Dr. H. O. Calcutta. Ghaznavi, A. A. Mymensing. Gbose, Jogendra Chandra, m.a., b.l. Calcutta. Ghosh, Girisb Chander. Calcutta. Gbosba, Bbupendra Sri, b.a., b.l. Calcutta. Ghosba, Fratapa Chandra, b.a. Vindyachal. Godfrey, Captain Stuart, i.s.c. Europe. Godwin-Austen, Lieut.-Colonel H. H., f.r.s., f.z.?., f.r.G.s. Europe. Goenka, Boor mall. Calcutta. Grant, A. J., i.c.s. Europe. Grant, Captain J. W., i.m.s. Muscat. Grierson, George Abraham, ph d., c.t.e., i.c.s. Europe. Grieve, J. W. A. Kalimpong. Guha, Abbaya Sankara. Shillong. Gupta, Bepin Behari. Chota Nagpur. Gupta, Krishna Govinda, i.c.s., Barrisfcer-at-Law. Cuttack. Gurdon, Captain P. R. T., i.s.c. Gauliati. Habibur Rahman Khan, Maulvie. Bhikampui Haig, Captain Wolseley, i.s.c. Berar. Hare, Major E. C, i.m.s. Europe. Harris, Lieut.-Col. G. F. Hassan Ali Qadr, Sir k.c.i.e. Murshedabad Hayden, H. H., b.a., b.e., f.g.s , Geological Survey of India. Calcutta. Hendley, Col. Thomas Holbein, c.i.e., i.m.s., Inspect- or-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal. Calcutta. A., i.m.s. Calcutta. Syud, Nawab Bahadur, Vll Date ofElectiouT 1892 Aug. 3. 1872 Dec. 5. 1878 Mar. 1891 July 1898 Feb. 1881 Mar. 1901 Dec. 1873 Jan. 1890 Dec. 1866 Mar. 7. 1899 April 5. 1882 Mar. 1. 1867 Dec. 4. 1881 Mar. 2. 1896 Aug. 27. 1896 July 1. 1891 Feb. 4. 1899 Aug. 30. 1902 Feb. 5. 1902 Jan. 8. 1887 May 4. 1889 Mar. 6. 1900 Sep. 19. 1902 July 2. 1889 Nov. 6. 1900 May. 2. 1902 Oct. 29. 1889 Feb. 6. 1902 July 2. 1869 July 7. 1870 April 7. 1896 Mar. 4 1902 July 2. 1901 Aug. 7. 1893 Jan. 11. 1891 Feb. 4. A. A. A. A. R. N.R. R. L.M. N.R. F.M. R. N.R. A. N.R. A. R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. L.M. R. R. N.R. R. A. R. R. R. F.M. L.M. N.R. R. R. L.M. A. Hill, Samuel Charles, B.A., B.sc Europe. Hoernle, Augustus Frederick Rudolf, ph.d., clf. Europe. Hoey, W., ph.d., i.c.s. (retired). Europe. Holland, Thomas Henry, F.GkS., A.R.C.S. Europe. Hooper, David, P.c.s. Calcutta. Hooper, The Hon. Mr. John, b.a., i.c.s. Allahabad. Hossack, Dr. W. C. Calcutta. Houstoun, G. L., f.gs. Europe. Hyde, The Revd. Henry Barry, m.a. Madras. Irvine, William, i.c.s. (retired). Europe. Kempthorne, H. E. Calcutta. Kennedy, Pringle, m.a. Mozufarpore. King, Sir George, m.b., k.c.i.e., ll.d., f.l.s., f.r.s., i. M.S. (retired). Europe. King, Lucas White, b.a., ll.b., cs.l, i.c.s. Dha- ramsala. Konstam, Edwin Max, I.C.S. Europe. Kiichler, George William, M.A., Bengal Education Service. Calcutta. Kupper, Raja Lala Buubehari. Burdwan. Lai, Dr. Mannu. Banda. Lai, Lala Shy am. Cawnpore. Lall, Parmeshwara. Gya. Lanman, Charles R. Europe* La Touche, Thomas Henry Digges, b.a., Geological Survey of India. Calcutta. \cutta. Law, The Hon. Sir Edward F. G., k.c.m.g., C.S.i. Cal- Leake, H. M. Dalsing Sarai. Lee, W. A., f.r.m.s. Calcutta. Leistikow, F. R. Europe. Lewes, A. H. Calcutta. Little, Charles, m.a., Bengal Education Service. Calcutta. Luke, James. Calcutta. Lyall, Sir Charles James, m.a., k.c.s.l, CLE., i-l.d., I.C.S. (retired). Europe. Lyman, B. Smith. Europe. MacBlaine, Frederick, i.c.s. Purneah. Macdonald, Dr. William Roy. Calcutta. Macfarlane, John, Librarian, Imperial Library. Calcutta. Maclagan, E. Macpherson, Europe. D., m.a., i.c.s. Multan. Duncan James, m.a., CLE.. I.C.S. via Date ol .fciieciiuu. 1896 Feb. 5. R. 1902 April 2. N R. 1893 Aug. 31. N.R. 1895 Aug. 29. R. 1898 Nov. 2. N.R. 1889 Jan. 2. R. 1893 Jnly 5. A. 1901 June 5. R 1889 Mar. 6. A. 1893 Mar. 1. A. 1902 May 7. N.R. 1892 April 6. rl. 1901 Aug. 28. R. 1899 Feb. 1. N.R. 1899 Mar. 1. N.R. 1886 Mar. 3. L.M 1895 July 3. F.M. 1900 Mar. 7 N.R. 1900 Jan. 19. R. 1884 Nov. 5. R. 1884 Sep. 3 R. 1870 July 6 R. 1898 April 6. N.R. 1874 May 6. F.M. 1896 July 1. N R. 1897 Jan. 6. NR. 1899 Mar. 1. R. 1901 Aug. 28. R. 1897 Nov. 3. R. 1901 Aug. 7. N.R. 1895 July 3. N.R 1898 May 4. R. 1898 Sep. 30. R. 1902 July 2. R. 1894 June 6. N.R 1902 April 2. R. 1901 Jan. 2. N.R 1894 Aug. 30 R. 1900 May 2. R. 1899 Sept. 29. R. 1886 May 5 R. Macpherson, The Hon/ble Mr. William Charles, C s I., i.c.s. Calcutta. Maddox, Captaiu R. H., i.m.s. Ranchi. Mahatha, Purmeshwar Narain. Mozuffarpore. Mahomed Gilani, Shamas-ul-Ulama Shaikh. CaU cutta. Maitra, Akshaya Kumar, B.A., b.l. Bajshahi. Maliah, Kumar Ramessur. Howrah. Mangos, 0. D. Europe. Mann, H. H., b.sc. Calcutta. Mann, John, m.a. Europe. Marriott, Charles Richardson, I.C.S. Europe. Marshall, J. H. Simla. Maynard, Major F. P., i.m.s. Calcutta. McLeod, Norman. Calcutta. McMahon, Captain A. H., c.s.i., c.t.e., i.s.c. Quetta, McMinn, C. W., b.a., i.c.s. (retired). Comilla. Metha, Rustomjee Dhunjeebhoy, C.i.e. Calcutta. Melitus, Paul Gregory, c.i.e., i.c.s. Europe. Meyer, William Stevenson, i.c.s. Madras. Calcutta. b.a., Geological Survey of India. Michie, Charles. Middlemiss, C. S. Calcutta. Miles, "William Harry. Calcutta. Miller, Albert Bermingham, b.a., Barrister-at-Law, Official Trustee. Calcutta, Milne, Captain C. J., i.m.s. Bombay. Minchin, F. J. V. Europe. Misrn, Rai Lakshmi Sanker, Bahadur. Benares. Misra, Tulsi Ram. Bareilly. Mitra, J. C, m.a., b.l. Calcutta. Mitra, Kumar Narendra Nath. Calcutta. Mitra, The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Saroda Churan, m.a., b.l. Calcutta. Molony, E., i.c.s. Ghazipur. Monohau, Francis John, i.c.s. Shillong. Mookerjee, R. N. Calcutta. Moore, The Revd. Herbert Octavius, m.a. Calcutta. Morshead, L. F., i.c.s. Calcutta. Muhammad Shibli Nomani, Shams-ul-Ulama Maul- vie, Professor of Arabic in the Muhammadau Oriental College. Aligarh. Mukerjee, Jaladhi Chunder. Calcutta. Mukerjee, Dr. U. C. Birbhoom. Mukerjee, Sib Narayan. Uttarpara. Mukerji, P. B., b.sc. Calcutta. Mukharji, Jotindra Nath, b.a. Calcutta. Mukhopadhyaya, The Hon. Dr. Asutosh, m.a., d.l. f.r.a.s., f.k.s.e. Calcutta. Date of Election. 1892 Dec. 7. 1901 April 3. 1901 June 5. 1885 June 3. 1901 Mar. 6. J 900 Dec. 5. 1889 Aug. 29. 1901 Feb. 6. 1892 Oct. 27. 1885 Feb. 4. 1899 Jan. 7. 1900 Aug. 29. 1880 Dec. 1. 1887 July 6. 1901 Jan. 2. 1880 Aug. 4. 190lAug.28. 1880 Jan. 7. 1901 June 5. 1899 Aug. 2. 1902 Aug. 6. 1873 Aug. 6. 1888 June 6. 1881 Aug. 25. J877Aug. 1. 1889 Nov. 6. 1889 Mar. 6. 1889 Mar. 6. 1896 Sept. 25. 1880 April 7. 1895 Aug. 29. 3 901 June 5. 1 900 April 4. 1898 Aug. 3. 1890 Mar. 5 1887 May 4. 1884 Mar. 5. R. R. N.R. N.R. N.R. R. L.M. R. F.M. N.R. N.R. A R. R. N.R. L.M. A. A. It. N.R. R R. L.M. R. N.R. N.R. R. N.R. N.R. N.R. R. N.R. R. N.R, R. Mukkopadhyaya, Panchanana. Calcutta. Mullick, Pramatiia Nath. Calcutta. Mullick, Ramani Mohan. Meherpur. Naemwoollah,Maulvie, Deputy Magistrate. Etaioah. Nevill, H. R., i.c.s. Naini Tal. Nicoll, Jolin. Calcutta. Nimmo, John Duncan. Calcutta. Noetling, Dr. F. Calcutta. Norvill, Dr. Frederic H. Europe. Nyayaratna, Mahamahopadhyaya Mahesa Chandra, c.i.e. Benares. i.c.s. Europe. Geological Survey R. R. O'Brien, P. H., I.C.S. Purneah. O'Dwyer, Michael Francis, b.a., Oldham, R. D., a.r.s.m, f.g.s., of India. Calcutta. Oung, Moung Hla. Calcutta. Pande, Pandit Ramavatar, b.a., i.c.s. Jhansi. Pandia, Pandit Mohanlall Vishnulall, f.t.s., Muttra. Panton, E. B. H., I.C.S. Europe. Pargiter, Frederick Eden, b.a., i.c.s. Europe. Parsons, W. Calcutta. Peake, C. W., M.A., Bengal Education Service. Bankipur. Peal, H. W. Calcutta. Pedler, Alexander, c.i.e., f.r.s. Director of Public Instruction, Bengal. Calcutta. Pennell,Aubray Percival,B.A., Bar.-at-Law. Europe. Percival, Hugh Melvile, m.a, Bengal Education Service. Calcutta. Peters, Lieut.-Colonel C. T., m.b., i.m.s. Bombay. Phillott, Major D. C, I.S.C. Kerman, Persia. Prain, Major David, m.a, m.b, ll.d., i.m.s. Royal Botanic Garden. Sibpur. Prasad, Hanuman, Raes and Zemindar. Chunar. Pringle, A. T. Madras. Rai, Bipina Chandra, b.l. Jessore. Rai, Jatindra Nath Chaudhery, m.a, b.l. Bamagar. Rai, Lala Lajpat. Lahore. Raleigh, The Hon. Mr. T. Calcutta. &a^ChS; b.sc, Bengal Edncation Ra^lSsanS^ar, B,c. (Lend, and Edi,), Bengal Education Service. Calcutta. Risley, Herbert Hope, b.a, c.i.e, i.c.s. Calcutta. Date of Election. 1900 April 4. 1900 Aug. 29. 1901 Dec. 4. 1896 Dec. 2. 1889 June 5. 1885 Mar. 4. 1896 Aug.27. 1899 June 7. 1898 Mar. 2. 1897 Nov. 3. 1902 Feb. 5. 1900 Dec. 5. 1893 Jan. 11. 1902 Feb. 5. 1900 Dec. 5. 1901 Aug. 28. 1885 April 1. 1897 Dec. 1. 1900 Mar. 7. 1885 Feb. 4. 1902 Dec. 1902 Mar. 1900 May 1899 May 1893 Mar. 1902 Sep. 24. 1895 Aug. 29 1892 Mar. 2. 1889 Aug. 29. 1892 Aug. 3. 1895 Aug. 29 1889 Nov. 6. 1894 Feb. 7. 1901 Aug. 7. 1894 July 4. 1899 June 7. 1867 April 3. 1897 Jan. 6. 1872 Aug. 5. R. N.R. R. N.R. N.R. R. N.R. N.R. N.R. A. R. N.R. L.M. N.R. N.R. R. R. N.R. R. R. N.R. R. R. N.R. N.R. R. R. LM N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. R. N.R. N.R. R. R. N.R. Rogers, Captain Leonard, m.d.,b.sc.,m.r.C.p.,f.u.c.s., i. M.S. Calcutta. Rose, H. A., i.c.s. Lahore. Ross, E. Denison, ph.d. Calcutta, Row, B. Suryanaran, b.a. Bellary. Roy, Maharaja Girjanath. Dinagepur. Rustomjee, Harjeebhoy Manickjee, c.i.e. Calcutta. Samman, Herbert Frederick, i.c.s. Barisal, Sarkar, Chandra Kumar. Kowkanik. Sarkar, Jadu Nath. BanJcipore. Saunders, C. Europe. Schulten, Dr. C. Calcutta. Schwaiger, Imre George. Delhi. Scindia, His Highness the Maharaja. Qwalior. Sen, A. C, i.c.s. Bungpur. Sen, Birendra Chandra, I as. Dinajpur. Sen, Upendranath. Calcutta. Sen, Yadu Nath. Calcutta. Seth, Mesrovb J. Singapore. Shastree, Pandit Yogesha Chandra. Calcutta. Shastri, Mahamahopadhaya Haraprasad, m.a. Cal- cutta. Shastri, Harnarain. Delhi. Shastri, Rajendra Chandra, m.a. Calcutta. Shrager, Adolphe. Calcutta. Silberrad, Chas. A., i.c.s. Lalitpur, Bundellhand. Singh, Maharaja Kumara Sirdar Bharat, i.c.s. Ghazipur. Singh, Kumar Birendra Chandra. Calcutta. Singh, Lachmi Narayan, m.a., b.l. Calcutta. Singh, The Hon. Raja Ooday Pratab. Binga. Singh, H. H. The Maharaja Prabhu Narain, Baha- dur. Benares. Singh, H. H. The Hon. Maharaja Pratap Narain. Ajodhya, Oudh. Singh, Ram Din. Banlcipur. Singh, H. H. The Hon. Maharaja Rameshwara, Bahadur. Darbhanga. Singh, H. H. Raja VishwaNath, Bahadur, Chief of Chhatarpur. Singha, Chandra Narayan. Calcutta. Sinha, Kunwar Kushal Pal, m.a. Narki P.O., Agra District. Sinha, Purnenda Narayan. Banlcipur. Sircar, Dr. Mahendra Lai, M.D., c.i.e., d.l. Calcutta. Sircar, Amrita Lai, P.c.s. Calcutta. Skrefsrud, The Revd. Lauren tins Olavi. Bampore Haut, XI Date of Election. 1901 Dec. 4. 1899 Nov. 1. 1898 April 6. 1901 Mar. 6. 1891 Aug. 27. 1895 July 5. 1899 Aug. 30. 1900 Aug. 29. 1899 Mar. 1. 1868 June 3. 1898 April 6. 1893 Aug. 31. 1878 June 5. 1875 June 2. 1898 Nov. 2. 1847 June 2. 1891 Aug. 27. 1871 April 5. 1861 June 5. 1893 May 3. 1898 Feb. 2. 1900 Aug. 29. 1890 Feb. 5. 1902 May 7. 1902 June 4. 1901 Mar. 6. 1894 Sept. 27. 1902 Oct. 29. 1901 Aug. 7. 1900 Jan. 19. 1901 June 5. 1889 Nov. 6. 1900 April 4. 1865 May 3. J874July ]. 1899 Sept. 29. 1902 April 2. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R, A. A. R. N.R. R. R. R. N.R. N.R. N.R. R. L.M. N.R A. L.M, N.R. R. R. N.R. R. R. N.R. L.M. R. A. R. N.R A. R. A. R. A. R Spooner, D. Brainerd. Benares Srivastavya, Lala Shyam Sander Lai. Pertabgarh. Stark, Herbert A., b.a. Guttack. Stebbing, E. P. Dehra Dun. Stein, M. A., ph.d. Europe. Steinberg, Alfred Frederick, i.c.s. Europe. Stephen, St. John, b.a., ll.b. Barrister-at-Law. Calcutta. Stephenson, Captain John, i.m.s. Oujrat. Tocher, A. Calcutta. Tagore, The Hon. Maharaja Sir Jotendra Mohun, Bahadur, k.c.s.i. Calcutta. Tagore, Maharaja Prodyat Coomar. Calcutta. Tate, G. P. Hongkong. Temple, Colonel Richard Carnac, O.I.E., i.s.c. Port Blair. Thibaut, Dr. G., Muir Central College. Allahabad. Thornton, Edward, a.r.i.b.a. Calcutta. Thuillier, Lieut.- Genl. Sir Henry Edward Landor, kt., c.s.i., f.r.s., r.a. Europe. Thurston, Edgar. Madras. Trefftz, Oscar. Europe. Tremlett, James Dyer, m.a., i.c.s. (retired). Europe. Yanja, Raja Ram Chandra. Mayurbhanga, District Balasore. Vasu, Amrita Lai. Calcutta. Vaugham, Major J. C, i.m.s. Calcutta. Venis, Arthur, m.a., Principal, Sanskrit College. Benares. Vidyabhushan, Jogendra Nath Sen. Calcutta. Vidyabhushan, Pandit Satis Chandra, m.a. Calcutta. Vogel, Dr. J. Ph. Lahore. Yost, Major William, i.m.s. Jaunpur. Yredenburg, E. Calcutta. Walker, Dr. T. L. Europe. Wallace, David Robb. Calcutta. Walsh, E. H., I.c.s. Darjeeling. Walsh, Major John Henry Tull, I.M.S. Europe. Walton, Captain Herbert James, m.b., f.r.c.s., i.m.s. Calcutta. Waterhouse, Major-General James, i.s.c. (retired). Europe. Watt, Sir George, Kt., CLE. Calcutta. Welldon, The Most Revd. James Edward Cowell, d.d. Europe. Wheeler, H., i.c.s. Calcutta. .Date of Election. 2896 Feb. 5. A. 1891 May 6. R. 1899 Aug. 30. R. 1900 Dec. 5. R. 1894 Sept. 27. R. 1894 Aug. 30. N.R. 1898 July 6. R. Williams, Captain Charles E., i.m.s. Europe. Wilson, Charles Robert, M.A., Bengal Education Service. Calcutta. Wood, E. Seymour, f.g.s. Calcutta. Woodman, H. C, i.c.s. Calcutta. [cutta. Woodroffe, John George, Barrister-at-Law. Cal- Wright, Henry Nelson, b.a., i.c.s. Allahabad. Wyness, James, C.e. Calcutta. SPECIAL HONORARY CENTENARY MEMBERS. Date of Election. 1884 Jan. 15. 1884 Jan. 15. 1884 Jan. 15. 1884 Jan. 15. Dr. Ernst Haeckel, Professor in the University of Jena. Charles Meldrum, Esq., c.m.g , m.a., ll.d., f.r.a.s., f.r.s. Mauritius. Professor A. H. Sayce, Professor of Comp. Philology. Oxford. Professor Emile Senart, Member of the Institute of France. Paris. 1848 Feb. 2. 1875 Nov. 3. 1879 June 4. 1879 June 4. 1879 June 4. 1879 June 4. 1881 Dec. 7. 1883 Feb. 7. 1883 Feb. 7. 1894 Mar. 7. 1894 Mar. 7. 1894 Mar. 7. 1895 June 5. 1895 June 5. 1895 June 5. 1896 Feb. 5. HONORARY MEMBERS. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, g.c.s.l, c.b., m.d., d.c.l., ll.d., f.l.s., f.g.s. , F.R.G.S., f.r.s. Berkshire. Dr. Otto von Bohtlingk. Leipzig. Professor Edward Bayles Cowell, d.c.l. Cambridge. Dr. Albert Giinther, m.a., m.d., ph.d., p.l.s., f.z.s., f.r.s. Surrey. Dr. Jules Janssen. Paris. Professor P. Regnaud. Lyons. Lord Kelvin, g.c.v.o., d.c.l., ll.d., f r.s.e., f.r.s. Glasgoiv. William Thomas Blanford, Esq., ll.d., a.r.s.m., f.g.s., f.r.g.s., F.z.s., f.r.s. London. Alfred Russell Wallace, Esq., ll.d., d.c.l., f.l.s., f.z.s., f.r.s. Dorset. Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart, m.a., d.c.l., ll.d., d.sc, f.C.p.S., f.r.s. E., f.r.s. Cambridge. Mahamahapodhyaya Chandra Kanta Tarkalankara. Calcutta. Professor Theodor Noeldeke. Strassburg. Lord Rayleigh, m.a., d.c.l., d.sc, ll.d., ph.d., f.r.a.s., f.r.s. Witham, Essex. Lt.-Genl. Sir Richard Strachey, r.e., g.C.s.i., ll.d., f.r.g.s., f.g.s., f.l.s., f.r.s. London. Charles H. Tawney, Esq., m.a., c.i.e. London. Lord Lister, f.r.c.s., d.c.l., m.d., ll.d., d.sc, f.r.s. London. Date of Election. 1896 Feb. 5. 1896 Feb. 1896 Feb. 1899 Feb. 1. 1899 Dec. 6. 1899 Dec. 6. 1899 Dec. 6. 1899 Dec. 6. 1901 Mar. 6 1902 Nov. 5. M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., D.SC, Sir Michael Foster, k.c.b., m.a., f.l.s., F.C.S., p.r.s. Cambridge. Professor F. Kielhorn, PH.D., c.i.e. Gottingen. Professor Charles Rockwell Lanmann. Massachusetts. U.S.A. Dr. Augustus Frederick Rudolf Hcernle, ph.d., c.i.e. Oxford. Professor Edwin Ray Lankester, m.a., ll.d., p.r.s. London. Sir George King, k. c.i.e., m.b., ll.d., f.l.s., f.r.s. London. Professor Edward Burnett Tylor, d.c.l., ll.d., p.r.s. Oxford. Professor Edward Suess, PH.D., For. Mem. r.s. Vienna. Professor J. W. Judd, c.b., ll.d., p.r.s. London. Monsieur R. Zeiller. Paris. CORRESPONDING MEMBER. Date of Election. 1866 May 7. Schlagintweit, Dr. Emil. ZiveibriicJcen. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. Date of Elect^n. 1874 April 1. 1875 Dec. 1. 1875 Dec. I. 1882 June 7. 1884 Aug. 6. 1885 Dec. 2. 1886 Dec. 1. 1892 April 6. 1892 Dec. 7. 1899 April 5. 1899 April 5. 1899 Nov. 1. 1902 June 4. . Lafont, The Revd. Father, E., c.i.e., s.j. Calcutta. Bate, The Revd. J. D., m.r.a.s. Kent. Abdul Hai, Maulvie. Calcutta. Giles, Herbert. Europe. Moore, F., f.l.s. Surrey. Fiihrer, Dr. A. Europe. Das, Rai Bahadur Sarat Chandra, c.i.e. Calcutta. Samasrami, Satya Vrata. Calcutta. Briihl, P. J. Sibpur. Sanyal, Rai Bahadur Ram Brahma. Calcutta. Bhandari, Visnu Prasad Raj. Nepal. Francotte, The Revd. Father E., s.J. Calcutta. Francke, The Revd. A. H. Leh. LIST OF MEMBERS WHO HAVE BEEN ABSENT FROM INDIA THREE YEARS AND UPWARDS.* * Rule 40. — After the lapse of three years from the date of a mem- ber leaving India, if no intimation of his wishes shall in the interval have been received by the Society, his name shall be removed from the List of Members. XIV The following members will be removed from the next Member List of the Society under the operation of the above Rule: — Dr. Paul Deussen. G. W. Forrest, Esq., B.A. Oscar Trefftz, Esq. LOSS OF MEMBERS DURING 1902. By Retirement. Rai Bahadur Chuni Lai Bose, m.b., f.c.s. Hirzel Denis de Massenden Carey, Esq., i.c.s. Kishori Mohan Chatter jea, Esq. R. Paget Dewhurst, Esq , i.c.s. Major H. E. Drake-Brockman, i.m.s. Major Charles Robert Mortimer Green, f.r.c.s., i.m.s. C. L. Griesbach, Esq., c.i.e., p.g.s. J. G. Lorimer, Esq., i.c.s. Captain W. F. O'Connor, r.a. George William Place, Esq., b.a., ll.b., i.c.s. Lieut.-Col. G. M. Porter, r.e. Captain Bernard Scott, i.s.c. W. A. Talbot, Esq. Lieut.-Col. Lawrence Austine Waddell, m.b., ll.d., c.i.e., i.m.s. Bt Death. Ordinary Members. John Cockburn, Esq. The Hon'ble Sir Griffith Evans, k.c.i.e. General James Eardly Gastrell (Life member). Captain Andrew Augustine Frayne McArdle, B.A., m.b., i.m.s. Babu Karttik Chandra Mittra, m.a., b.l. Edw. Emmerson Oliver, Esq., m.i.C.e. V. R. Panidsay, Esq. The Hon'ble Sir John Woodburn, m.a., k.c.s.i., i.c.s. Honorary Member. Dr. Albrecht Weber. By Removal. Under Rule 9. Lieut.-Col. George Ranking, i.m.s. Under Rule 40. Arthur William Davis, Esq., i.c.s. J. W. Muir, Esq., i.c.s. Frederick James Rowe, Esq., m.a. [appendix.] ABSTRACT STATEMENTS OP RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE Asiatic Society op Bengal FOR THE YEAR 1902. 1902. STATEMENT Asiatic Society Salaries Commission Pension Dr. To Establishment. Rs. As. P. 3,711 6 3 420 5 5 4 0 0 Rs. As. P. 4,135 11 8 2,862 5 10 4,574 4 8 2,994 8 4 172 5 6 217 0 6 1,076 0 0 175,538 11 3 191,570 15 9 Stationery Taxes Postage Freight Meeting Auditor's fee Registration fee ... Petty repairs Insurance fee ... Miscellaneous ... To Contingencies. 119 1 0 884 4 0 450 11 3 60 6 8 75 0 0 100 0 0 5 0 0 68 0 3 625 0 0 474 14 8 Books Bindiug Catalogne Furniture To Library and Collectioi To Publications, of Circulars, Receipt-forms, &c. (Writes-off and Miscellaneous) To Extraordinary Expend ntifio Catalogue U Fund Balance Total Rs. rs. 2,755 8 8 608 12 0 1,150 0 0 60 0 0 Journal, Part I .. Journal, Part II ... Journal, Part III Proceedings 1,023 5 6 964 1 3 514 13 1 492 4 6 To Printing charges „ Personal Account Royal Society's Sciei Max Muller Memoris ITURE. 1,037 10 0 38 6 0 . . . XV 11 No i. of Bengal. 1902. Cr. By Balance from last Report By Cash Receipts. Publications sold for cash ... Interest on Investments Rent of Rooms on the Society's ground floor Allowance from Government of Bengal for the Publication of Anthropological and Cognate subjects Ditto from Government of Assam Ditto from Colonial Secretary, Straits Settlements, for cost of publications of Sir George King's Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula ... 8,750 0 0 Miscellaneous ... ... ... ... 306 1 0 Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. ... 161,059 0 3 247 6 0 6,045 8 0 1,375 0 0 2,000 0 0 1,000 0 0 By Extraordinary Receipts. Max Miiller Memorial Fund ... ... 576 0 0 Subscriptions to Royal Society's Scientific Catalogue 510 0 0 By Personal Account. Admission fees ... ... ... ... 928 0 0 Subscriptions ... ... ... ... 8,398 0 0 Sales on credit ... ... ... ... 318 14 0 Miscellaneous ... ... ... ... 57 2 6 19,723 15 0 1,086 0 0 9,702 0 6 Total Rs. ... 191,570 15 9 C. R. WlLSoN, Examined and found correct. Monorary Secretary and Treasurer, Meugens, King & Simson, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Auditors. xvm STATEMENT 1902. Oriental Publication Fund in Account Printing charges Editing charges , Salaries Freight Stationery Postage Commission on colleotion Contingencies Dr. To Cash Expenditubb. Ks. As. P. Rb. As. P. ... ... 4,129 0 6 ... .. 2,297 0 0 ... .. 1,519 8 0 ... ... ,, 47 0 0 ... ., 106 11 0 ... ••• 223 11 3 ... ... .. 23 4 7 ... ... 78 11 0 8,424 14 4 fces-off and Miscellaneous) ... 9 8 0 Balance ... 11,535 15 7 Total Rb. ... 19,970 5 11 STATEMENT Sanskrit Manuscript Fund in Account Dr. To Cash Expenditure, Rs. As. P. Salaries Travelling oharges Printing Postage Stationery Furniture Contingencies Balance ... 1,159 0 0 ... 422 1 0 ... 97 5 0 ... 0 12 6 ... 8 2 0 ... 353 8 0 ... 13 2 0 Total Rs. ... Rs. As. P. 2,053 14 6 8,513 13 8 10,567 12 2 XIX No. 2. with the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1902. By Balance from last Report Government allowance Publications sold for cash Advances recovered Sales on oredit Cr. By Cash Receipts. Bv Personal Account. Ra. As. P. 9,000 0 0 630 15 6 71 7 0 Rs. As. P. 8,940 5 2 9,702 6 6 1,327 10 3 Total Rs. 19,970 5 11 C. R. Wilson, Examined and found correct. Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Meugens, King & Simbon, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Auditors. No. 3. with the Asiatic Society of Bengal. By Balance from last Report Government allowance Publications sold for cash ... Sales on credit . . . Cr. By Cash Receipts. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. 7,345 12 2 3,200 0 0 15 0 0 By Personal Account. 3,215 0 0 7 0 0 Total Rs. 10,567 12 2 C. R. Wilson, Examined and found correct. Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Meugens, King & Simson, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Auditors. 1902. STATEMENT Personal To Balance from last Report Dr. To Cash Expenditure. Advances for purchase of Sanskrit Manuscripts, &c. To Asiatic Society ,, Oriental Publication Fund ,, Sanskrit Manuscript Fnnd ... Rs. As. P. 9,702 0 6 1,327 10 3 7 0 0 Rs. As. P. 3,101 2 7 117 8 0 11,036 10 9 Total Rs. 14,255 5 4 To Balance from last Report „ Cash Dr. Total Rs. STATEMENT Invest Value. Cost. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. 170,300 0 0 170,539 13 10 18,000 0 0 17,564 4 9 188,300 0 0 188,104 2 7 FUNDS.* Pbbmanbnt. Tbmpoeaet. Total Value. Cost. Value. Cost. Cost. Asiatic Society ... Trust Fund R8. 146,900 1,400 As 0 0 0 p. 0 0 0 Rs. 146,443 1,339 As. 6 6 P 8 0 Rs. 40,000 As. 0 0 p. 0 0 Rs. 40,321 As. 5 5 P. 11 Rs. 186,764 1,339 As. 12 6 P. 7 0 148,300 147,78a 12 8 40,000 40,321 11 188,104 2 7 XXI No. 4. Account. By Cash Receipts ,, Asiatic Society ,, Oriental Publication Fund Cr. By Balance. Due to the Society. Dne by the Society. Members Employes Miscellaneous Rs. 4,078 30 35 As. 0 0 12 P. 2 0 8 Rs. 141 350 139 As. 6 0 8 P. 0 0 9 9 4,143 12 10 630 14 C. R. Wilson, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Total Rs. 1902. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. 10,515 14 9 217 0 6 9 8 0 226 8 6 3,512 14 1 14,255 5 4 Examined and found correct. Meugens, King & Simson, Auditors. No. B merit. Bj Balance # Cr. Total Rs. C. R. Wilson, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Value. Cost. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. 188,300 0 0 188,104 2 7 ... 188,300 0 0 188,104 2 7 Examined and found correct. Meugens, King & Simson, Auditors. XX11 1902. STATEMENT Trust To Pension ,, Balance Dr. Total Rs. Rs. As. P. 4 0 0 1,385 11 10 1,389 11 10 To Balance from last Report .. To Asiatic Society „ Oriental Publication Fnnd „ Sanskrit Manuscript Fund „ Personal Account „ Trust Fund ... Dr. Receipts. STATEMENT Cash Rs. As. P. 20,809 15 0 9,702 6 6 3,215 0 0 10,515 14 9 90 0 0 Rs. As. P. 5,003 13 0 Total Rs. 44,333 4 3 49,337 1 3 To Cash ... „ Investments „ Personal Account Dr. STATEMENT Balance Rs. As. P. 5,357 3 8 188,104 2 7 3,512 14 1 Rb. As. P. 196,974 4 4 Total Rs. 196,974 4 4 XX111 No. 6. Fund. By Balance from last Report ,, Interest on Investments Cr. Total Ks. 1902. Rs. As. P. 1,299 11 10 90 0 0 1,389 11 10 C. R. Wilson, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Examined and found correct. Meugens, King & Simson, Auditors. No. 7. Account. By Asiatic Society ... „ Oriental Publication Fund „ Sanskrit Manuscript Fund „ Personal Account „ Investments „ Trust Fund Balance C. R. Wilson, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Cr. Expenditure. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P, 15,815 4 0 8,424 14 4 2,053 14 6 ... 117 8 0 ... 17,564 4 9 ... 4 0 o 43,979 13 7 ... 5,357 3 8 Total Rs. 49,337 1 3 Examined and found correct. Meugens, King & Simson, Auditors. No. 8. Sheet. Cr. By Asiatic Society „ Oriental Publication Fund „ Sanskrit Manuscript Fund ,, Trust Fund Total Rs. CC R. Wilson, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Asiatic Society of Bengal. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. ... 175,538 11 3 11,535 15 7 8,513 13 8 1,385 11 10 196,974 4 4 196,974 4 4 Examined and fonnd correct. Meugens, King & Simson, Auditors.